Robert Jenkins Onderdonk

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Robert Jenkins Onderdonk
Born (1852-01-16)January 16, 1852
St. Timothy's Hall, Catonsville, Maryland[1]
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San Antonio, Texas
Nationality American
Education National Academy of Design,
Art Students League (William Merritt Chase, James Carroll Beckwith)
Known for Painting
Notable work Fall of the Alamo

Robert Jenkins Onderdonk (January 16, 1852[2] – July 2, 1917) was an American painter and art teacher, born in Catonsville, Maryland.[1] An important artist in the first stage of Texas art,[3] he was a long-time art teacher in San Antonio and Dallas, where he formed art associations and leagues; for his contributions to the culture of art and painting in Texas he is known as the "Dean of Texas's Artists."[4]

Biography

File:Robert Onderdonk - Sketch for Fall of The Alamo.JPG
Sketch for the Fall of Alamo, 1901, Dallas Museum of Art

Coming from a "distinguished and cultured Dutch family,"[5] Robert Jenkins Onderdonk studied art at the National Academy of Design and the Art Students League of New York in the 1870s.[3] Among his teachers were William Merritt Chase[3] and James Carroll Beckwith.

R. J. Onderdonk went to Texas in 1878[3] and married Emily Gould in 1881; they had three children.[2] He hoped to execute portraits for rich Texas citizens and make enough money to travel to Europe.[3] He eventually stayed in Texas for thirty-eight years, where he painted and taught. In San Antonio, he founded an art association for women painters, the Van Dyck club, which later became the San Antonio Arts League; his daughter Eleanor was an important member and organizer.[6] In 1893 in Dallas, he co-founded the Art Students League of Dallas,[4] pupils of which displayed their paintings each year at the State Fair of Texas, in Dallas.

Onderdonk's masterpiece, the 1903 painting Fall of the Alamo, was displayed at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, and is now held in the Texas State Archives. Occupying central position in the painting is Davy Crockett, a depiction reproduced countless times in print; Crockett is portrayed in iconic style, "swinging his flintlock over his head to club the Mexicans advancing through a hanging cloud of gun smoke."[7] According to Fisk's A History of Texas Artists, he would have been ranked one of America's finest artists if he had spent more time painting rather than teaching.[3]

Two of R. J. Onderdonk's three children[1] also made their mark in Texas art: Eleanor (1884–1964)[8] was a respected miniaturist,[6] and Julian Onderdonk (1882–1922) became known as the "Bluebonnet painter."[6] Julian, like his father, studied painting in New York and returned to Texas in 1909.[9]

References

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Additional bibliography

  • Diana Church, Guide to Dallas Artists, 1890-1917 (Plano, Texas, 1987)
  • Esse Forrester-O'Brien, Art and Artists of Texas (Tardy, 1935)
  • Cecilia Steinfieldt, The Onderdonks (San Antonio: Trinity University Press, 1976)
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