Sham

Sham may refer to:

Arabic use

• Al-Sham, endonym of the region bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea, usually known as the Levant or the region of Syria: Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Jordan, Cyprus and the Turkish Hatay Province
  • Bilad al-Sham the Caliphate province of the same region
  • ash-Shām, or Sham (الشام), another name for Damascus, one of the largest cities in the region
  • Jund al-Sham, militant group based in Afghanistan, meaning "Army of Syria"
• Sham el-Nessim, Egyptian holiday marking the beginning of spring
• Sham, or Alsahm, the Arabic name for the star Alpha Sagittae

English use

• S.H.A.M., Australian rap group, famous for their hit, Romulus and Remus
• Sham 69, English punk band
• Sam the Sham, stage name of U.S. rock singer Domingo “Sam” Samudio
• Sham, a name for the cover of a pillow
• Sham-operated group, a control group in laboratory experiments involving surgical procedures
• Sham election, another name for a Show election
• Sham marriage, a marriage entered into with intent to deceive
• Sham surgery, surgery omitting the therapeutic component
• Sham peer review, a fraudulent or malicious form of peer review
• Sham (film), a lost 1921 silent film based on a Broadway play starring Ethel Clayton

Chinese use

• Kohn–Sham equations, named after Walter Kohn and Lu Jeu Sham
• Sham Chun River, on the border of Hong Kong and mainland China
• Sham Shui Po District, a district of Hong Kong
• Sham Kwok Fai, association football player from Hong Kong

Other uses

• Sham (horse), American Thoroughbred horse born in 1970 who won multiple graded stakes races
  • Sham Stakes, a race named for the horse
• Sham, Iran
• Sham, a character in the X-Men 2099 comic book series
• The acronym SHAM, which is shorthand for Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode, a climate pattern

See also

• Hoax or fraud, synonyms for the English word sham
• Placebo
• Shams (disambiguation)