Template:Infobox indium

Indium,  ₄₉In

General properties
Name, symbol	indium, In
Appearance	silvery lustrous gray
Pronunciation	/ˈɪndiəm/ IN-dee-əm
Indium in the periodic table
Ga ↑ In ↓ Tl cadmium ← indium → tin
Atomic number (Z)	49
Group, block	group 13, p-block
Period	period 5
Element category	post-transition metal
Standard atomic weight (±) (Ar)	114.818(1)
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 3
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Melting point	429.7485 K ​(156.5985 °C, ​313.8773 °F)
Boiling point	2345 K ​(2072 °C, ​3762 °F)
Density near r.t.	7.31 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	7.02 g/cm3
Triple point	429.7445 K, ​~1 kPa
Heat of fusion	3.281 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	231.8 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.74 J/(mol·K)
vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1196 1325 1485 1690 1962 2340
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −5 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.78
Ionization energies	1st: 558.3 kJ/mol 2nd: 1820.7 kJ/mol 3rd: 2704 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 167 pm
Covalent radius	142±5 pm
Van der Waals radius	193 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​tetragonal
Speed of sound thin rod	1215 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	32.1 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	81.8 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	83.7 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	11 GPa
Mohs hardness	1.2
Brinell hardness	8.8–10.0 MPa
CAS Number	7440-74-6
History
Discovery	Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter (1863)
First isolation	Hieronymous Theodor Richter (1867)
Most stable isotopes of indium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 113In 4.29% – (SF) <24.281 115In 95.71% 4.41×1014 y β− 0.495 115Sn
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

References

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