Template:Infobox rhodium

Rhodium,  ₄₅Rh

General properties
Name, symbol	rhodium, Rh
Appearance	silvery white metallic
Pronunciation	/ˈroʊdiəm/ ROH-dee-əm
Rhodium in the periodic table
Co ↑ Rh ↓ Ir ruthenium ← rhodium → palladium
Atomic number (Z)	45
Group, block	group 9, d-block
Period	period 5
Element category	transition metal
Standard atomic weight (±) (Ar)	102.90550(2)
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d8 5s1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 16, 1
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Melting point	2237 K ​(1964 °C, ​3567 °F)
Boiling point	3968 K ​(3695 °C, ​6683 °F)
Density near r.t.	12.41 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	10.7 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	26.59 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	493 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.98 J/(mol·K)
vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2288 2496 2749 3063 3405 3997
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −3 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.28
Ionization energies	1st: 719.7 kJ/mol 2nd: 1740 kJ/mol 3rd: 2997 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 134 pm
Covalent radius	142±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​face-centered cubic (fcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	4700 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	8.2 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	150 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	43.3 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	380 GPa
Shear modulus	150 GPa
Bulk modulus	275 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.26
Mohs hardness	6.0
Vickers hardness	1100–8000 MPa
Brinell hardness	980–1350 MPa
CAS Number	7440-16-6
History
Discovery and first isolation	William Hyde Wollaston (1804)
Most stable isotopes of rhodium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 99Rh syn 16.1 d ε – 99Ru γ 0.089, 0.353, 0.528 – 101mRh syn 4.34 d ε – 101Ru IT 0.157 101Rh γ 0.306, 0.545 – 101Rh syn 3.3 y ε – 101Ru γ 0.127, 0.198, 0.325 – 102mRh syn 3.7 y ε – 102Ru γ 0.475, 0.631, 0.697, 1.046 – 102Rh syn 207 d ε – 102Ru β+ 0.826, 1.301 102Ru β− 1.151 102Pd γ 0.475, 0.628 – 103Rh 100% – (SF) <15.462 105Rh syn 35.36 h β− 0.247, 0.260, 0.566 105Pd γ 0.306, 0.318 –
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

References

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