Termitomyces
| Termitomyces | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Termitomyces reticulatus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Division: | |
| Class: | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: |
Termitomyces
|
| Type species | |
| Termitomyces striatus (Beeli) R.Heim
|
|
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
1945 Podabrella Singer |
|
Lua error in Module:Taxonbar/candidate at line 22: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Termitomyces is a genus of basidiomycete fungi belonging to the family Lyophyllaceae. There are about 30 species in the genus.[2] They are the food source for a subfamily of termites, the Macrotermitinae, who enjoy an obligate symbiosis with the genus similar to that between Atta ants and Attamyces mushrooms. Despite this relationship, spore transfer is still accomplished mainly by shedding from mushrooms, which protrude from the termite mounds.[3]
Contents
Characteristics
These mushrooms are edible for most people, and the larger species are a popular wild food where they occur. They include the largest mushroom in the world, Termitomyces titanicus of West Africa and Zambia, whose cap reaches 1 metre (3 ft) in diameter. These fungi grow on 'combs' which are formed from the termites' excreta, dominated by tough woody fragments. Termitomyces was circumscribed by Roger Heim in 1942.[4]
From 1955 to 1969 Arthur French [5] worked in Uganda (as a hobby) on the subject of fungi and termites. Some scientific literature about these fungal species existed previously, but these texts failed to adequately discuss the relationship between termites and their fungal symbiotes, while the various edible varieties were merely termed "termite mushrooms." French conducted some investigations with the help of the elderly Baganda women who gathered termite mushrooms, and published his findings.
Species
- Termitomyces aurantiacus
- Termitomyces bulborhizus
- Termitomyces clypeatus
- Termitomyces eurhizus
- Termitomyces globulus
- Termitomyces heimii
- Termitomyces le-testui
- Termitomyces mammiformis
- Termitomyces microcarpus
- Termitomyces reticulatus
- Termitomyces robustus
- Termitomyces sagittiformis
- Termitomyces schimperi
- Termitomyces striatus
- Termitomyces titanicus
- Termitomyces tylerianus
- Termitomyces umkowaan
Other termite-associating fungi that may be confused with Termitomyces
- Inedible fruiting bodies of the genus Podaxis, which may also grow from termitaria. Podaxis species can be easily distinguished from those of Termitomyces in that Podaxis fruiting bodies resemble a "stalked puffball," or an unopened shaggy mane, while those of Termitomyces resemble a stereotypical mushroom or toadstool.
- In China, fruiting bodies of the unrelated, but edible Macrolepiota albuminosa may also grow from termitaria. M. albuminosa was once placed within this genus as "Termitomyces albuminosa".
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
See Tobias Frøslev's Termitomyces page [1] And an academic review of the relationship in Patterns of interaction specificity of fungus-growing termites and Termitomyces symbionts in South Africa Aanenet DK al BMC Evol Biol. 2007; 7: 115. [2]
