West Spring Gun
| West Spring Gun | |
|---|---|
| 300px | |
| Type | Catapult |
| Place of origin | United Kingdom |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1915–1916 |
| Used by | United Kingdom Canada Australia |
| Wars | World War I |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Captain Allen West |
| Designed | 1915 |
| Manufacturer | Reason Manufacturing Company |
| Produced | 1915-1916 |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 284 lb (129 kg) |
| Length | 71.5 in (182 cm) |
| Width | 18.5 in (47 cm) |
| Height | 88 in (220 cm) |
| Crew | 5 |
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|
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| Effective firing range | 240 yd (220 m) |
The West Spring Gun was a bomb-throwing catapult used by British, Canadian and Australian forces during World War I. It was designed to throw a hand grenade in a high trajectory into enemy trenches.
Description
It consisted of a metal frame supporting a throwing arm powered by 24 metal springs.[1] It was invented by Captain Allen West in 1915 and manufactured by the Reason Manufacturing Company of Brighton, which was granted a patent for the device on 19 October of that year.[1][2] Although called a catapult, it was a hybrid of a ballista and a trebuchet. It required a crew of five - three to compress the springs, one to load the bomb, and one to fire as soon as the fuse was lit or the grenade pin was pulled.[3]
In tests, it could throw Mills bomb about 240 yd (220 m) or a 7 lb (3.2 kg) projectile about 80 yd (73 m) with a flight time of 6 or 7 seconds.[4] In the field it generally threw a Jam Tin Grenade, No. 15 Ball grenade, No. 21 "Spherical" grenade or No. 28 chemical grenade, equipped with a slightly longer fuse (typically 9 seconds) to ensure to reach the enemy trench before exploding.[2] It was used in combat by, amongst others, the 50th (Northumbrian) Division and the 1st Canadian Division in the Second Battle of Ypres and by Australian forces in the Gallipoli Campaign.[2][5] It was generally considered to be large and cumbersome and "generally more unwieldy" than the Leach Trench Catapult.[4] Many operators, including Captain West himself, lost fingers in the mechanism.[1] The throw could also be unpredictable, with the bomb sometimes landing near the thrower.[6]
Production of this and other trench catapults was officially halted in 1916, being replaced by the 2 inch Medium Trench Mortar and Stokes mortar.[7]
Ammunition
-
No 21 R grenade
References
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External links
- No 21 R Type grenade for the West Spring Gun at the Imperial War Museum.
- West Spring Gun (missing its launch arm) at the Australian War Memorial.
