1997 in paleontology
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Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology (from Greek: paleo, "ancient"; ontos, "being"; and logos, "knowledge") is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because mankind has encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1997.
Contents
Plants
Angiosperms
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp nov |
valid |
Call & Dilcher |
Species of Eucommia. |
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Sp nov |
valid |
Call & Dilcher |
Talahatta Formation and "Coldwater Beds" |
Species of Eucommia. |
Fungi
newly named
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Hibbett, Grimaldi, & Donoghue |
Turonian (Cretaceous) |
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Gen et sp nov |
Valid |
Hibbett, Grimaldi, & Donoghue |
Arthropoda
Insects
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Grimaldi, Agosti, & Carpenter |
A sphecomyrmine ant. |
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Gen et sp. nov |
Valid |
Grimaldi, Agosti, & Carpenter |
Turonian |
New Jersey amber |
A stem group ant, type species B. clavata |
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Gen et comb nov |
jr synonym |
Martins-Neto |
A Kalligrammatid lacewing, new genus for Panfilovia adamsi |
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Subfam nov |
jr synonym |
Martins-Neto |
lacewing subfamily, syn of Kalligrammatidae |
Plesiosaurs
Newly Named Plesiosaurs
Currently Valid Plesiosaur Genera Named in 1997 | |||
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Name | Status | Authors | Images |
Augustasaurus | Valid taxon |
Rieppel Bucher |
|
Libonectes | Valid taxon |
|
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Maresaurus | Valid taxon |
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Pterosaurs
Newly Named Pterosaurs
Currently Valid Pterosaur Genera Named in 1997 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Name | Status | Authors | Images |
Eosipterus | Valid taxon |
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Archosauromorphs
Dinosaurs
- Paleontologist Karen Chin received a coprolite that was excavated during 1995 from strata dating back to the Maastrichtian in Saskatchewan, Canada. The specimen was about 17 inches (44 cm) long and contained fragments of bone. Due to its size, contents and age, the coprolite was believed to have been the remains of Tyrannosaurus rex feces. This discovery was announced in a 1998 paper published in the journal Nature.
- A Saharan expedition under the leadership of Paul Sereno yielded fruit when a team member stumbled on the bones and skull of Nigersaurus taqueti. During this and a subsequent 1999 expedition about 80% of the animal's skeleton were discovered. Later in the year of the second expedition, a formal description of the animal was published.
- French paleontologist Philippe Taquet reported the finding of fossilized theropod embryos preserved in Portuguese dinosaur eggs. These eggs were from the Jurassic period dating to about 140 million years ago, nearly twice as old as any previously recovered dinosaur embryos, which had only been known from about 70 million years ago in Late Cretaceous strata.
- Psittacosaurus gastroliths documented.[6]
- Panoplosaurus gastroliths documented.[7]
Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[8]
Name | Status | Authors | Notes | Images | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Archaeoceratops[9] | Valid taxon |
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Gojirasaurus[10] | Valid taxon | ||||
Hudiesaurus[11] | Valid taxon | ||||
Protarchaeopteryx[12] | Valid taxon |
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Rinchenia[13] | Valid taxon | ||||
Siluosaurus[14] | Nomen dubium. | ||||
Unenlagia[15] | Valid taxon |
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Birds
Newly named birds
Name | Status | Novelty | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Aramidae. |
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Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Pleistocene |
A Strigidae. |
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Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A member of Enantiornithes Walker, 1981. Originally described as a species of Cathayornis;[18] subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Houornis.[19] |
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Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
A Phasianidae. |
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Sp. nov. |
Valid ? |
Lower Yixian Formation |
A Confuciusornithidae Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995, possibly a synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus L. H. Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995. |
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Sp. nov. |
Valid ? |
Lower Yixian Formation |
A Confuciusornithidae Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995, possibly a synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus L. H. Hou, Zhou, Gu et Zhang, 1995. |
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Gen. nov et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Cuspirostrisornithidae Hou, 1997, this is the type species of the new genus. |
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Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Paleocene |
Described in the Cuculidae, transferred to the Gracilitarsidae Mayr, 2001 by Mayr. |
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Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A Galbulidae. |
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Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pliocene |
MN 15-16 |
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Gen. nov et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Valanginian, Jiufotang Formation |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Cuspirostrisornithidae Hou, 1997, this is the type species of the new genus. |
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Gen. nov et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Liaoningornithiformes L. H. Hou, 1997, Liaoningornithidae Hou, 1997, this is the type species of the new genus. |
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Gen. nov et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Cuspirostrisornithidae Hou, 1997, this is the type species of the new genus. |
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Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer, 1888, Baptornithidae American Ornithologists’ Union, 1910, no type species was designated for the new genus. |
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Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer, 1888, Baptornithidae American Ornithologists’ Union, 1910, no type species was designated for the new genus. |
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Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A Rallidae. |
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Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Late Pleistocene |
Cave Deposits |
A Psittacidae. |
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Gen. nov et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Middle Oligocene |
MP 23-24 |
A Gruiformes, Parvigruidae G. Mayr, 2005. |
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Gen. nov et Sp. nov. |
Valid |
An Ornithuromorphae Chiappe, Ji, Ji et Norell, 1999, Songlingornithidae Hou, 1997, this is the type species of the new genus. |
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Sp. nov. |
Valid |
A Charadriidae. |
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Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Early Miocene |
Lower Tarkhanian-Burdigalian? |
An Eogruidae Wetmore, 1934, perhaps should be transferred to the genus Amphipelargus Lydekker, 1891. |
Synapsids
Eutherians
Name | Status | Authors | Discovery year | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid |
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1997 |
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Valid |
|
1997 |
An astrapotherian, a species of Xenastrapotherium |
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Valid |
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1997 |
An astrapotherian, a species of Xenastrapotherium |
Humans
- Genetecist Michael Hammer reported findings that demonstrate that after the initial "out of Africa" radiation of modern humans at about 100,000 years ago, some humans eventually returned to Africa between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago.
Exopaleontology
- Richard B. Hoover of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center photographs what he believes to be microfossils in the martian Murchison meteorite.
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Xu (1997). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
- ↑ Carpenter (1997). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Dong, Z.M. and Y. Azuma. 1997. On a primitive neoceratopsian from the Early Cretaceous. In: Sino-Japanese Slik Road Dinosaur Expedition (Z.M. Dong, ed.). China Ocean Press, Beijing: pp. 68-89.
- ↑ Carpenter, K. 1997. A giant coelophysoid (Ceratosauria) theropod from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico, USA. Neües Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen, 205 (2): pp. 189-208.
- ↑ Dong, Z.-M. 1997. A Gigantic Sauropod (Hudiesaurus sinojapanorum gen. et. sp. nov.) from the Turpan Basin, China. In: Sino-Japanese Silk Road Dinosaur Expedition (Z.-M. Dong, ed.). China Ocean Press: pp. 102-110.
- ↑ Ji, Q. and S. Ji. 1997. A Chinese archaeopterygian, Protarchaeopteryx gen. nov. Geological Science and Technology (Di Zhi Ke Ji) 238 (1997): pp. 38-41.
- ↑ Barsbold, 1997 vide Osmolska, H., P.J. Currie, and B. Barsbold. 2004. Oviraptorosauria, Chapter Eight: Holtz, T. R., Jr (2004) Tyrannosauroidea; Chapter Five. In: The Dinosauria (2nd edition, D.B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmolska, eds.). California University Press: pp. 165-183.
- ↑ Dong, Z.-M. 1997. A small ornithopod from Mazongshan area, Gansu Province, China. In: Sino-Japanese Silk Road Dinosaur Expedition (Z.-M. Dong, ed.). China Ocean Press, Beijing: pp. 24–26.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Johnson, Steven C. & Madden, Richard H. 1997. Uruguaytheriinae Astrapotheres of Tropical South America. Chapter 22 in Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Edited by Richard F. Kay, Richard H. Madden, Richard L. Cifelli, and John J. Flynn. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington and London.
- Carpenter, K. (1997) Ankylosaurs. In J.O. farlow and M.K. Brett-Surman (eds.), The complete dinosaur, pp. 307–316. Bloomington Indiana University Press.
- Xu, X. (1997) A new psittacosaur (Psittacosaurus mazongshanensis sp. nov.) from Mazongshan area, Gansu province, China. In. Z.-M. Dong (ed.), Sino-Japanese Silk Road Dinosaur Expedition, pp. 48–67. Institute of Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Academia Sinica. Beijing: China Ocean Press.
- Sanders F, Manley K, Carpenter K. Gastroliths from the Lower Cretaceous sauropod Cedarosaurus weiskopfae. In: Tanke D.H, Carpenter K, editors. Mesozoic vertebrate life: new research inspired by the paleontology of Philip J. Currie. Indiana University Press; Bloomington, IN: 2001. pp. 166–180.