Canso (crater)

Canso
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Planet	Mars
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Diameter	27.4 km
Eponym	Canso, Nova Scotia

Canso is a Martian crater. It lies about 450 kilometres west of the Viking 1 lander, slightly northeast of Lunae Planum, and west of Chryse Planitia, in the Lunae Palus quadrangle. The crater is named after Canso, a fishing town in Nova Scotia. The name was officially adopted in 1988 by the International Astronomical Union's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (IAU/WGPSN).

Impact craters generally have a rim with ejecta around them, in contrast volcanic craters usually do not have a rim or ejecta deposits. As craters get larger (greater than 10 km in diameter) they usually have a central peak.^[1] The peak is caused by a rebound of the crater floor following the impact.^[2]

Canso Crater, as seen by CTX camera (on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter).
Canso Crater North Wall and Floor, as seen by HiRISE.

Why are Craters important?

The density of impact craters is used to determine the surface ages of Mars and other solar system bodies.^[1] The older the surface, the more craters present. Crater shapes can reveal the presence of ground ice.

The area around craters may be rich in minerals. On Mars, heat from the impact melts ice in the ground. Water from the melting ice dissolves minerals, and then deposits them in cracks or faults that were produced with the impact. This process, called hydrothermal alteration, is a major way in which ore deposits are produced. The area around Martian craters may be rich in useful ores for the future colonization of Mars.^[3]