Constantine I, Prince of Armenia

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For other uses, see Constantine of Armenia (disambiguation).
Constantine I
Lord of Cilicia / “Lord of the Mountains”
Lord of Armenian Cilicia
Reign 1095 – c. 1100/1102/1103
Predecessor Roupen I
Successor Thoros I
Born 1035–1040 / 1050–1055
(unknown)
Died c. 1100/1102/1103
(unknown)
Burial Monastery of Castalon
Spouse An unnamed great-granddaughter of Bardas Phokas
Issue Thoros I
Beatrice
Leo I
House Roupenians
Father Roupen I
Mother (unknown)

Constantine I[1][2] or Kostandin I[3] (1035–1040[1] / 1050–1055[3] – c. 1100[1] / February 24, 1102 – February 23, 1103[3]) was the second lord of Armenian Cilicia[1] or “Lord of the Mountains”[3] (1095[1][3] – c. 1100[1] / 1102 / 1103[3]). During his rule, he controlled the greater part of the regions around the Taurus Mountains, and invested much of his efforts in cultivating the lands and rebuilding the towns within his domain.[1] He provided ample provisions to the Crusaders, for example during the difficult period of the siege of Antioch in the winter of 1097.[1] He was a passionate adherent of the separated Armenian Church.[2]

Early years

He was the son of Roupen I;[3] his father declared the independence of Cilicia from the Byzantine Empire around 1080.[1] According to the chroniclers Matthew of Edessa and Sempat Sparapet, Constantine is also identified as being either a prince of King Gagik II, or some kind of a military commander in the monarch’s clan in exile.[1]

Upon the murder of King Gagik II, Constantine’s father gathered his family and fled to the Taurus Mountains and took refuge in the fortress of Kopitar (Kosidar) situated north of Sis (today Kozan in Turkey).[1] As Roupen was growing old by 1090, his command seems to have passed entirely to Constantine; and it was the latter who in the same year conquered the strategic Cilician castle of Vahka (today Feke in Turkey).[1] The mastery of this mountain defile made possible the assessment of taxes on merchandise transported from the port of Ayas towards the central part of Asia Minor, a source of wealth to which the Roupenians owed their power.[4]

His rule

After his father’s death in 1095, Constantine extended his power eastward towards the Anti-Taurus Mountains.[2] As an Armenian Christian ruler in the Levant, he helped the forces of the First Crusade maintain the siege of Antioch until it fell to the crusaders.[1] The crusaders, for their part, duly appreciated the aid of their Armenian allies: Constantin was honored with the titles of Comes and Baron.[4]

The Chronographie of Samuel of Ani records that Constantine died soon after a lightning bolt struck his table in the fortress of Vahka.[3] He was buried in Castalon.[1]

Marriage and children

According to the Chronicle of Aleppo, his wife was descended from Bardas Phokas.[3]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.,[better source needed]
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Sources

  • Ghazarian, Jacob G: The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia during the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins (1080–1093); RoutledgeCurzon (Taylor & Francis Group), 2000, Abingdon; ISBN 0-7007-1418-9
  • Runciman, Steven: A History of the Crusades – Volume I.: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem; Cambridge University Press, 1988, Cambridge; ISBN 0-521-06161-X

External links

Constantine I, Prince of Armenia
Regnal titles
Preceded by Lord of Armenian Cilicia
1095– c. 1100/1102/1103		 Succeeded by
Thoros I
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