Dicentra

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Dicentra
File:Dutchman'sBreeches040815.jpg
Dicentra cucullaria (type species)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
Order:
Ranunculales
Family:
Papaveraceae
Subfamily:
Fumarioideae
Tribe:
Fumarieae
Subtribe:
Corydalinae
Genus:
Dicentra
Species

8 (see below)
Synonyms

Diclytra Borkh. nom. rej.[1]
Dielytra = orthographic variant of Diclytra[1]
Possible synonyms:[2] Lamprocapnos Endl.
Ehrendorferia Fukuhara & Lidén
Ichtyoselmis Lidén & Fukuhara

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Dicentra (bleeding-heart; Greek dís "twice", kéntron "spur")[3] is a genus of eight species of herbaceous plants with oddly shaped flowers and finely divided leaves, native to eastern Asia and North America.

Description

Flowers have two tiny sepals and four petals. The flowers are bisymmetric: the two outer petals are spurred or pouched at the base and curved outwards or backwards at the tip, and the two inner ones with or without a crest at the tip. In Dicentra, all leaves are in a basal rosette, and flowers are on leafless stalks. In other genera with bisymmetric heart-shaped flowers (Lamprocapnos, Dactylicapnos, Ichtyoselmis, Ehrendorferia), leaves grow on stems as well as from the root.[4] Each of the two compound stamens is composed of one median and two lateral half stamens fused together. The stamens and pistil are held between the inner petals.

Seeds with elaiosomes are borne in long pods.

All parts are poisonous if ingested.

Taxonomy

Current species

The genus Dicentra includes plants whose flowers and leaves grow on stems directly from the roots. Species with branching stems used to be included in the genus, but have now been moved to other genera.[4]

  1. Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp.
    squirrel-corn
  2. Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.
    Dutchman's-breeches
  3. Dicentra eximia (Ker-Gawl.) Torr.
    fringed bleeding-heart, turkey-corn
  4. Dicentra formosa (Haw.) Walp.
    western or Pacific bleeding-heart
    • Dicentra formosa subsp. formosa
    • Dicentra formosa subsp. oregana
  5. Dicentra nevadensis Eastw.
    Sierra bleeding-heart
  6. Dicentra pauciflora S. Wats.
    short-horn steer's-head
  7. Dicentra peregrina (Rudolphi) Makino
    komakusa
  8. Dicentra uniflora Kellogg
    long-horn steer's-head
  • Flowers
  • Dicentra canadensis - Canadian Heart Flower.jpg

    Squirrel-corn (Dicentra canadensis)

  • Dutchman's Breeches (Dicentra cucullaria)

  • Turkey-corn (Dicentra eximia)

  • Dicentra formosa by Danny S. - 001.JPG

    Pacific Bleeding-heart (Dicentra formosa)

  • Dicentrapauciflora.jpg

    Few-flowered Bleeding-heart (Dicentra pauciflora)

  • Dicentra peregrina Komakusa.jpg

    Komakusa (Dicentra peregrina)

  • Dicentra uniflora.jpg

    Steer's-head (Dicentra uniflora)

These species names are synonyms of the names above:

  • Dicentra lachenaliaeflora Ledeb. = Dicentra peregrina
  • Dicentra oregana Eastw. = Dicentra formosa subsp. oregana
  • Dicentra pusilla Siebold & Zucc. = Dicentra peregrina

Hybrids and cultivars

File:Dicentra 'King of Hearts' and 'Ivory Hearts'.jpg
Two bleeding-heart hybrids: Dicentra 'King of Hearts' (deep pink) and Dicentra 'Ivory Hearts' (white)

There are several hybrids and cultivars involving Dicentra eximia, Dicentra formosa, and Dicentra peregrina, including:

  • Dicentra 'Aurora' — Dicentra formosa × Dicentra eximia — white flowers
  • Dicentra 'Bacchanal' — Dicentra formosa cultivar — deep red
  • Dicentra 'Ivory Hearts' — Dicentra peregrina × Dicentra eximia 'Alba' — white
  • Dicentra 'King of Hearts' — Dicentra peregrina × (Dicentra formosa subsp. oregana × Dicentra eximia)
  • Dicentra 'Luxuriant' — Dicentra formosa × Dicentra eximia × Dicentra peregrina

Hybrids involving Dicentra peregrina are often intolerant of hot-humid climates and sun like the species itself.

Former species

The genera Dactylicapnos, Ichtyoselmis, Ehrendorferia and Lamprocapnos were previously included as subgenera in Dicentra, but have been shown not to belong in this genus (see for example Flora of China web page)

  • Dactylicapnos Wall. (14 species of herbaceous climbers with yellow flowers, Himalaya to SW China)
    • Dactylicapnos burmanica (K.R.Stern) Lidén
    • Dactylicapnos grandifoliolata Merrill (Dicentra paucinervia K.R.Stern)
    • Dactylicapnos lichiangensis (Fedde) Hand.-Mazz.
    • Dactylicapnos macrocapnos (Prain) Hutchinson
    • Dactylicapnos roylei (Hook.f. & Th.) Hutchinson
    • Dactylicapnos scandens (D.Don) Hutchinson
    • Dactylicapnos schneideri (Fedde) Lidén
    • Dactylicapnos gaoligongshanensis Lidén
    • Dactylicapnos torulosa (Hook.f. & Th.) Hutchinson (Dicentra wolfdietheri Fedde)
    • Dactylicapnos cordata Lidén
  • Ehrendorferia Lidén (2 species of erect robust herbaceous perennials with yellow or cream erect flowers, Western N America)
  • Ichtyoselmis Lidén (1 species of large herbaceous perennial with serrate leaflets and large drooping cream flowers, China, Burma)
    • Ichtyoselmis macrantha (Oliver) Lidén
  • Lamprocapnos Endlicher (1 species of herbaceous perennial with large pink flowers in horizontal racemes, NE China, Korea)
    • Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara bleeding heart = Dicentra spectabilis Lem.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 International Plant Names Index
  2. ↑ GRIN taxonomy
  3. ↑ δίς, κέντρον. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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