List of heads of state of Haiti
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This article lists the heads of state of Haiti[1] since the beginning of the Haitian Revolution in 1791. Full independence of Haiti was declared in 1804.
Between 1806 and 1820 Haiti was divided between the northern State, renamed Kingdom in 1811, and the southern Republic. Between 1822 and 1844 the reunified Republic of Haiti ruled over the entire island of Hispaniola, during the Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo.
Contents
- 1 Saint-Domingue (1791–1804)
- 2 First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)
- 3 Divided Haiti (1806–1820)
- 4 Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)
- 5 Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)
- 6 Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)
- 7 Republic of Haiti during the Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986)
- 8 Republic of Haiti (1986–present)
- 9 Timeline since 1804
- 10 See also
- 11 Notes
- 12 References
Saint-Domingue (1791–1804)
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Title(s) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
![]() |
Toussaint Louverture (1743–1803) |
1 January 1791 | 6 May 1802 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Leader of the Haitian Revolution (1 January 1791 – 6 May 1802) Lieutenant Governor of Saint-Domingue (1797 – 7 July 1801) Governor-General for Life of the entire island of Hispaniola (7 July 1801 – 6 May 1802) |
||
Vacant (6 May 1802–1 January 1804) | ||||||||
![]() |
Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1758–1806) |
1 January 1804 | 22 September 1804 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Governor-General of Haiti |
First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)
Monarchy of Jacques I
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Reign | Royal house | Coat of arms | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reign start | Reign ended | Duration | ||||
![]() |
Jacques I (1758–1806) |
22 September 1804[lower-alpha 1] | 17 October 1806 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Dessalines | 80px |
Divided Haiti (1806–1820)
State of Haiti (1806–1811)
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Title(s) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
![]() |
Henri Christophe (1767–1820) |
17 October 1806 | 28 March 1811 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Provisional Chief of the Haitian Government (17 October 1806 – 17 February 1807) President (17 February 1807 – 28 March 1811)[lower-alpha 2] |
Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)
Monarchy of Henry I
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Reign | Royal house | Coat of arms | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reign start | Reign ended | Duration | ||||
90px | Henry I (1767–1820)[lower-alpha 2] |
28 March 1811[lower-alpha 3] | 8 October 1820 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Christophe | 80px |
Republic of Haiti (1806–1820)
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Title(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
1 | 80px | Alexandre Pétion (1770–1818) |
17 October 1806 | 29 March 1818 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President (17 October 1806 – 9 October 1816) President for Life (9 October 1816 – 29 March 1818)[lower-alpha 4] |
2 | ![]() |
Jean-Pierre Boyer (1776–1850) |
30 March 1818 | 18 October 1820 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President for Life[lower-alpha 5] |
Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Party | Title(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
(2) | ![]() |
Jean-Pierre Boyer (1776–1850) |
18 October 1820 | 13 February 1843 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President for Life |
3 | ![]() |
Charles Rivière-Hérard (1789–1850) |
4 April 1843 | 3 May 1844 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President |
4 | ![]() |
Philippe Guerrier (1757–1845) |
3 May 1844 | 15 April 1845 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President |
5 | ![]() |
Jean-Louis Pierrot (1761–1857) |
16 April 1845 | 1 March 1846[lower-alpha 6] | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President |
6 | ![]() |
Jean-Baptiste Riché (1780–1847) |
1 March 1846 | 27 February 1847 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President |
7 | 80px | Faustin Soulouque (1782–1867) |
2 March 1847 | 26 August 1849 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President |
Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)
Monarchy of Faustin I
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Reign | Royal house | Coat of arms | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reign start | Reign ended | Duration | ||||
90px | Faustin I (1782–1867) |
26 August 1849[lower-alpha 7] | 22 January 1859 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Soulouque | 80px |
Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)
- Status
-
Acting President
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Party | Title(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
8 | 80px | Fabre Geffrard (1806–1878) |
— | 22 January 1859 | 13 March 1867 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President |
— | ![]() |
Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget (1810–1880) |
— | 20 March 1867 | 2 May 1867 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Provisional President |
9 | 80px | Sylvain Salnave (1827–1870) |
— | 4 May 1867 | 27 December 1869 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President |
10 | ![]() |
Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget (1810–1880) |
— | 27 December 1869 | 14 May 1874 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Liberal Party | President |
— | ![]() |
Council of Secretaries of State | — | 14 May 1874 | 14 June 1874 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Council of Secretaries of State |
11 | ![]() |
Michel Domingue (1813–1877) |
— | 14 June 1874 | 15 April 1876 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President |
12 | ![]() |
Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905) |
— | 23 April 1876 | 17 July 1879 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Liberal Party | Provisional President (23 April 1876 – 17 July 1876) President (17 July 1876 – 17 July 1879) |
— | ![]() |
Joseph Lamothe (?–1891) |
— | 26 July 1879 | 2 October 1879 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Provisional President |
13 | ![]() |
Lysius Salomon (1815–1888) |
— | 2 October 1879 | 10 August 1888 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | National Party | President |
— | ![]() |
Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905) |
— | 10 August 1888 | 16 October 1888 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Liberal Party | Provisional President |
14 | ![]() |
François Denys Légitime (1841–1935) |
— | 16 October 1888 | 23 August 1889 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Liberal Party | President |
— | ![]() |
Monpoint Jeune (1830–1905) |
— | 23 August 1889 | 17 October 1889 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Provisional President |
15 | 80px | Florvil Hyppolite (1828–1896) |
— | 17 October 1889 | 24 March 1896 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | National Party | President |
16 | ![]() |
Tirésias Simon Sam (1835–1916) |
— | 31 March 1896 | 12 May 1902 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | National Party | President |
— | ![]() |
Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905) |
— | 26 May 1902 | 17 December 1902 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Liberal Party | Provisional President |
17 | 80px | Pierre Nord Alexis (1820–1910) |
— | 21 December 1902 | 2 December 1908 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Military | President |
18 | ![]() |
François C. Antoine Simon (1843–1923) |
— | 6 December 1908 | 2 August 1911[2] | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Liberal Party | President |
19 | ![]() |
Cincinnatus Leconte (1854–1912) |
— | 15 August 1911 | 8 August 1912[3] | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | National Party | President[lower-alpha 8] |
20 | ![]() |
Tancrède Auguste (1856–1913) |
— | 8 August 1912 | 2 May 1913 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | National Party | President |
21 | ![]() |
Michel Oreste (1859–1918) |
— | 12 May 1913 | 27 January 1914[4] | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President |
— | ![]() |
Edmond Polynice (? – ?) |
— | 27 January 1914 | 8 February 1914[5] | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Military | Provisional President |
22 | ![]() |
Oreste Zamor (1861–1915) |
— | 8 February 1914 | 29 October 1914 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Military | President |
— | ![]() |
Edmond Polynice (? – ?) |
— | 29 October 1914 | 6 November 1914 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Military | Provisional President |
23 | ![]() |
Joseph Davilmar Théodore (1847–1917) |
— | 7 November 1914 | 22 February 1915 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Military | President |
24 | ![]() |
Vilbrun Guillaume Sam (1859–1915) |
— | 25 February 1915 | 28 July 1915 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Military | President[lower-alpha 9] |
25 | ![]() |
Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave (1863–1926) |
— | 12 August 1915 | 15 May 1922 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President[lower-alpha 10] |
26 | ![]() |
Louis Borno (1865–1942) |
— | 15 May 1922 | 15 May 1930 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. years | Independent | President[lower-alpha 10] |
27 | ![]() |
Louis Eugène Roy (1861–1939) |
— | 15 May 1930 | 18 November 1930 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President[lower-alpha 10] |
28 | ![]() |
Sténio Vincent (1874–1959) |
— | 18 November 1930 | 15 May 1941 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President[lower-alpha 11] |
29 | ![]() |
Élie Lescot (1883–1974) |
— | 15 May 1941 | 11 January 1946 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Liberal Party | President |
30 | ![]() |
Franck Lavaud (1903–1986) |
— | 11 January 1946 | 16 August 1946 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Military | Chairman of the Military Executive Committee |
31 | ![]() |
Dumarsais Estimé (1900–1953) |
— | 16 August 1946 | 10 May 1950 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | President |
(30) | ![]() |
Franck Lavaud (1903–1986) |
— | 10 May 1950 | 6 December 1950 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Military | Chairman of the Government Junta |
32 | ![]() |
Paul Magloire (1907–2001) |
1950 | 6 December 1950 | 12 December 1956 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Peasant Worker Movement | President |
— | ![]() |
Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis (1900–1966) |
— | 12 December 1956 | 3 February 1957 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Provisional President |
— | ![]() |
Franck Sylvain (1909–1987) |
— | 7 February 1957 | 2 April 1957 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Provisional President |
— | ![]() |
Executive Government Council | — | 2 April 1957 | 25 May 1957 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Executive Government Council |
— | ![]() |
Daniel Fignolé (1913–1986) |
— | 25 May 1957 | 14 June 1957 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Peasant Worker Movement | Provisional President |
33 | ![]() |
Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau (1909–1963) |
— | 14 June 1957 | 22 October 1957 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Military | Chairman of the Military Council |
Republic of Haiti during the Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986)
- Symbols
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Party | Title(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
34 | 80px | François Duvalier (1907–1971) |
1957 1961[P] 1964[C] |
22 October 1957 | 21 April 1971† [6][7] | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | National Unity Party | President (22 October 1957 – 22 June 1964) President for Life (22 June 1964 – 21 April 1971) |
35 | ![]() |
Jean-Claude Duvalier (1951–2014) |
1971[C] 1985[C] |
21 April 1971[lower-alpha 12] | 7 February 1986[lower-alpha 13] | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | National Unity Party | President for Life |
Republic of Haiti (1986–present)
- Symbols
- I Indirect election
- Status
-
Acting President
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Party | Title(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
36 | 80px | Henri Namphy (1932–2018) |
— | 7 February 1986 | 7 February 1988 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. years | Military | President of the National Council of Government |
37 | 80px | Leslie Manigat (1930–2014) |
1988 | 7 February 1988 | 20 June 1988[lower-alpha 14] | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Rally of Progressive National Democrats | President |
(36) | 80px | Henri Namphy (1932–2018) |
— | 20 June 1988 | 17 September 1988[lower-alpha 15] | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Military | President |
38 | 80px | Prosper Avril (born 1937) |
— | 17 September 1988 | 10 March 1990 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Military | President |
— | 80px | Hérard Abraham (1940–2022) |
— | 10 March 1990 | 13 March 1990 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Military | Acting President |
— | 80px | Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (born 1943) |
— | 13 March 1990 | 7 February 1991 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Provisional President |
39 | 80px | Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953) |
1990–91 | 7 February 1991 | 29 September 1991[lower-alpha 16] | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Struggling People's Organization | President |
40 | ![]() |
Raoul Cédras (born 1949) |
— | 29 September 1991 | 8 October 1991 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Military | Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces[lower-alpha 17] |
— | ![]() |
Joseph Nérette (1924–2007) |
— | 8 October 1991 | 19 June 1992 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Provisional President |
— | 80px | Council of Ministers Prime Minister: Marc Bazin (1932–2010) |
— | 19 June 1992 | 15 June 1993 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Movement for the Instauration of Democracy in Haiti | Council of Ministers |
(39) | 80px | Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953) |
— | 15 June 1993 | 12 May 1994 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Struggling People's Organization | President[lower-alpha 18] |
— | ![]() |
Émile Jonassaint (1913–1995) |
— | 12 May 1994 | 12 October 1994 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Provisional President |
(39) | 80px | Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953) |
— | 12 October 1994 | 7 February 1996 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Struggling People's Organization | President[lower-alpha 19] |
41 | ![]() |
René Préval (1943–2017) |
1995 | 7 February 1996 | 7 February 2001 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. years | Fanmi Lavalas | President |
(39) | 80px | Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953) |
2000 | 7 February 2001 | 29 February 2004[lower-alpha 20] | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Fanmi Lavalas | President |
— | ![]() |
Boniface Alexandre (1936–2023) |
— | 29 February 2004 | 14 May 2006 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Provisional President |
(41) | ![]() |
René Préval (1943–2017) |
2006 | 14 May 2006 | 14 May 2011 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. years | Lespwa[lower-alpha 21] | President |
Inite | ||||||||
42 | ![]() |
Michel Martelly (born 1961) |
2010–11 | 14 May 2011 | 7 February 2016 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Repons Peyizan | President |
— | ![]() |
Council of Ministers Prime Minister: Evans Paul (born 1955) |
— | 7 February 2016 | 14 February 2016 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Council of Ministers |
— | 80px | Jocelerme Privert (born 1953) |
2016 (Feb)[I] | 14 February 2016 | 7 February 2017 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Inite | Provisional President[lower-alpha 22] |
43 | 80px | Jovenel Moïse (1968–2021) |
2016 (Nov) | 7 February 2017 | 7 July 2021[lower-alpha 23] | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Haitian Tèt Kale Party | President |
— | 80px | Council of Ministers Acting Prime Minister: Claude Joseph |
— | 7 July 2021 | 20 July 2021 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Council of Ministers |
— | 80px | Council of Ministers Acting Prime Minister: Ariel Henry (born 1949) |
— | 20 July 2021 | 11 March 2024 | Script error: The function "age_generic" does not exist. | Independent | Council of Ministers |
Timeline since 1804
![](/w/images/timeline/2004149d18426207d574fdccb534e770.png)
See also
- History of Haiti
- Saint-Domingue
- Politics of Haiti
- President of Haiti
- Prime Minister of Haiti
- List of monarchs of Haiti
- List of Haitian royal consorts
Notes
- ↑ Crowned on 8 October 1804
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rule limited to the northern part of Haiti
- ↑ Crowned on 2 June 1811
- ↑ Rule limited to the southern part of Haiti
- ↑ United the northern Kingdom and the southern Republic in 1820
- ↑ Deposed 1 March, accepted 24 March
- ↑ Crowned on 18 April 1852
- ↑ Great-Grandson of Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Emperor of Haiti 1804–1806)
- ↑ Son of Tirésias Simon Sam (President of Haiti 1896–1902). Also the inspiration for Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Served under the United States occupation
- ↑ Served under the United States occupation until 1934
- ↑ Succeeded his father as President for Life[6][8]
- ↑ Deposed in the Anti-Duvalier protest movement[9]
- ↑ Deposed in the June 1988 coup d'état
- ↑ Deposed in the September 1988 coup d'état
- ↑ Deposed in the 1991 coup d'état
- ↑ De facto leader of Haiti (29 September 1991 – 12 October 1994)
- ↑ In exile, but recognized in Haiti
- ↑ Served under the United States occupation until 1995
- ↑ Deposed in the 2004 coup d'état
- ↑ Until November 2009
- ↑ Presidential term expired on 14 June 2016
- ↑ Assassinated[10][11][12]
References
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- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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