Ranged weapon

A period illustration of the Battle of Crécy. English longbowmen figure prominently in the foreground at right where they drive away the French crossbowmen.

A ranged weapon is any weapon that can harm targets at distances greater than hand-to-hand distance. In contrast, a weapon intended to be used in hand-to-hand combat is called a melee weapon. Ranged weapons give the attacker an advantage in combat since the target has less time to react and defend. It also provides a safer combat option since melee combat often becomes a life or death struggle where each member has a high probability of dying. The line between ranged and melee weapons is not entirely definite; for instance, spears, knives and daggers can be used for both throwing and stabbing, depending on purpose and situation.

Early ranged weapons include thrown weapons such as javelins, slings, darts, the bow and arrow, and medieval siege engines like stone throwers, catapults, ballistas and trebuchets. These ranged weapons were extremely effective in combat in comparison to close-combat weapons, as they gave the wielder opportunity to launch multiple projectiles before an enemy armed with melee weapons or shorter ranged missile weapon posed a threat to him. Siege engines were also used for passing or hitting obstacles like fortifications.

After the invention of gunpowder and the development of firearms, ranged weapons became the weapon of choice. In modern warfare, ranged weaponry is used in the form of cruise and ballistic missiles. Maximum effective range of a weapon is the greatest distance fired and able to produce casualties or damage consistently.

List of missile weapons

Pre-modern missile weapons

Trebuchet at Château des Baux, France.

Reconstruction of a post-Marian pilum

• Atlatl
• Bagakay
• Banda
• Ballista
• Blowgun
• Bolas
• Boomerang
• Bow
• Catapult
• Chakram
• Crossbow
• Dart
• Hunga Munga
• Javelin
• Kestros
• Knobkierrie
• Mbanja
• Nzappa zap
• Rungu
• Shuriken
• Sling
• Slingshot
• Spear
• Swiss arrow
• Throwing axe
• Throwing knife
• Throwing stick
• Trebuchet
• Woomera

Modern missile weapons

155 mm M198 howitzer

File:Exocet-mil.jpg

Exocet missile in flight

Most modern missile weapons fall into the broader category of artillery. While some are small and light enough to be used by individuals (i.e. guns and grenade launchers), most require a team to aim, move or fire.

• Air-to-air missile
• Air-to-surface missile
• Anti-ballistic missile
• Anti-satellite weapon
• Anti-ship missile
• Anti-submarine rocket
• Anti-tank guided missile
• Ballistic missile
• Cruise missile
• Cannon
• Grenade launcher
• Gun
• Mortar
• Rocket artillery
• Surface-to-air missile
• Surface-to-surface missile

See also

• Projectile
• Trajectory of a projectile
• Siege engine
• List of artillery
• List of missiles
• List of missiles by nation

Further reading

• Gray, David (2002) Bows of the World. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-478-6
• (1992) The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 1. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-085-3.
• (1992) The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 2. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-086-1.
• (1994) The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 3. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-087-X.
• The ballistics of the sling, Thom Richardson, Royal Armouries Yearbook, Volume 3 1998.

External links

• Short Bows and Long Bows: Scaling effects in archery
• Sling Weapons The Evolution of Sling Weapons
• The Sling - Ancient Weapon
• Secrets of Lost Empires: Medieval Siege (building of and history of trebuchets), from the NOVA website
• Modern and Civil War Era Cannon Information