Robert Anthony Maurice Palmer

For other uses, see Robert Palmer.

Sqn Ldr Robert Palmer VC
A WW2 Lancaster bomber over Germany
Nickname(s)	Bob
Born	7 July 1920 (1920-07-07) Gillingham, Kent, UK
Died	23 December 1944 (1944-12-24) (aged 24) Cologne, Rhine Province, Germany
Buried	Rheinberg War Cemetery
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	Royal Air Force
Years of service	1941–1944
Rank	Squadron Leader
Unit	RAF Bomber Command
Battles/wars	Second World War †
Awards	Victoria Cross Distinguished Flying Cross (& bar)

The Victoria Cross

Squadron Leader Robert Anthony Maurice Palmer VC DFC* (7 July 1920 – 23 December 1944) was an English posthumous recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious military decoration for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. His award was the result of his valour during the Allied action over Germany during World War II.

Early life

The son of Arthur Palmer and Lillian (née Skuse), he was born on 7 July 1920 at Gillingham, Kent. He was educated at Gravesend Grammar School, where a portrait in his memory and his VC citation hang to this day in the School Hall, before being commissioned in the RAF.

Military career

Palmer first flew in operations during the Second World War in January 1941 and took part in the first 1,000-bomber raid against Cologne in 1942. He was one of the first pilots to drop a 4,000-lb. 'Cookie' bomb. In 1943 he served with 20 OTU at RAF Lossiemouth in Scotland.

By the end of 1944 Palmer had completed 110 bombing missions, many with the Pathfinder Force necessitating deep penetration of enemy territory and low-level 'marking' operations against heavily-defended targets.

At 24 years old, as a Squadron Leader serving with No. 109 Squadron (RAF), he embarked on what was to be his final mission, for which he received the VC. On 23 December 1944 over Cologne, Germany, Sqn Ldr Palmer was leading a formation of Lancaster bombers on a daylight raid to bomb Cologne's Gremberg railway marshalling yards. His Lancaster PB371 was designated "Master Bomber" and using "Oboe radio bombing equipment" his orders were to mark the targets for the other heavy bombers to aim for.

Palmer was in command of one of 27 Lancasters accompanied by three Mosquitoes from No. 8 Group to attack the Gremberg railway yards. The air raid went badly. The force was split into three formations, each led by an Oboe-equipped Lancaster with an Oboe-equipped Mosquito in reserve. During the outward flight, two Lancasters collided over the French coast with the loss of both crews. On approaching their target over German airspace, they found that the forecasted cloud cover had cleared leaving them exposed during the long straight approach and vulnerable to Cologne's AA defences. It was thus decided to allow the bombers to break formation and bomb visually.

The order to abandon the Oboe run did not reach Palmer, who continued on with his designated role despite his aircraft having already been damaged by Wehrmacht flak cannon. Some minutes before reaching the target two of his engines caught fire, but rejecting alternative evasive action and being determined to provide an accurate and easily visible aiming point for the other bombers, he managed to keep the badly damaged aircraft on a straight course, made a perfect approach and released his bombs. His Lancaster was last seen spiraling to earth in flames and only one member of his crew, the Rear Gunner, escaped with his life.

The squadron lost a Lancaster and a Mosquito shot down by German Flak artillery and Luftwaffe fighters, with a further Lancaster abandoned by its crew over Belgium; the losses totalled six aircraft out of the 30 dispatched.

Palmer is buried at the CWGC's Rheinberg War Cemetery in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

See also

• List of Second World War Victoria Cross recipients

References

• British VCs of World War 2 (John Laffin, 1997)
• Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
• The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)

External links

• Robert Anthony Maurice Palmer at Find a Grave