Social Democratic Party of the Free City of Danzig

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Social Democratic Party of the Free City of Danzig
Sozialdemokratische Partei der Freien Stadt Danzig
Chairman Julius Gehl (1919-1920), Arthur Brill (1921-1936)
Secretary Johannes Mau
Parliamentary faction leader Julius Gehl
Founded 1919
Dissolved 1936
Headquarters Weißmönchenhintergasse 1/2, Danzig[1]
Newspaper Danziger Volksstimme
Youth wing Arbeiterjugend
Paramilitary wing Arbeiter-Schutzbund
Membership  (1928) 5,418
Ideology Social democracy
International affiliation Labour and Socialist International
Volkstag seats 30 (1923), 42 (1927), 19 (1930), 13 (1933), 12 (1935)
Elections

The Social Democratic Party of the Free City of Danzig (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei der Freien Stadt Danzig) was a political party in the Free City of Danzig. After the creation of the Free City of Danzig in 1919, the Danzig branch of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) separated itself from the party, and created the Social Democratic Party of the Free City of Danzig. The new party did however maintain close links with the SPD, and its political orientation (for example its anti-Soviet/anti-communist approach) was largely the same as that of the SPD.[2]

The party participated in coalition government together with bourgeois parties between August 1925 and October 1926, and again between January 1928 and August 1930.[2]

Organization and leadership

The party organization was modelled after that of SPD. The highest organ of the party was the Party Congress (Parteitag), which was generally held in April every year. The Party Congress elected a Party Presidium and a Control Commission. Party activists were organized in local branch units, which were member organizations of the party. As of the late 1920s, the party claimed a membership of 5,418, out of whom 950 were women.[1][2]

Julius Gehl was the chairman of the party 1919-1920, after which he became leader of the parliamentary group of the party. Arthur Brill was chairman of the party 1921-1936. Johannes Mau was the secretary of the party.[2]

The party was active in the Danzig trade union movement (which was nominally independent, but was heavily influenced by the party). Arbeiterjugendbund ('Workers Youth League'), with around 450 members, was the youth wing of the party.[1][2]

Press

The party published the daily newspaper Danziger Volksstimme ('Danzig People's Voice').[2]

International affiliation

The party was a member of the Labour and Socialist International 1923 to 1936.[2] Arthur Brill was a member of the Executive of the International between January 1929 and 1936 (he shared his seat with Johann Kowoll of the German Socialist Labour Party of Poland between July 1931 and 1934).[3]

Rise of National Socialism

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. In late 1930 a new right-wing government was formed in the Free City, with support from the National Socialists. As an opposition party, the Social Democrats formed the Arbeiter-Schutzbund ('Worker Defense League') as its paramilitary force.[2] Arbeiter-Schutzbund had around 4,500 members.[2]

On 5 May 1932 a Social Democrat member of the municipal council, Gruhn, was murdered by the leader of the SS district Neuteich (Nowy Staw), Rudzinski.[4] The "Volksstimme" was banned the next day for a period of three month because it reported about the murder. However, despite repeated banning it became the leading voice of the opposition in Danzig and its number of copies grew from 20.000 in 1929 to up to 40.000 prior to its final ban in October 1936.[4] After the elections of 1935 the oppositional parties, except of the Polish Party, jointly brought in a charge of electoral fraud to the Danzig High Court and unsuccessfully protested to the League of Nations. In the aftermath of the German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact Poland did not support an international action and as the foreign envoy of the opposition, Erich Brost, reports the Polish government often "raised up more goodwill towards the Nazi government than other european countries of that time".[5]

In October 1936 120 politicians of the Social Democratic Party were imprisoned and on 14 October the party was banned.[2][4]

On 25 May 1937 the Social Democrat politician Hans Wiechmann was killed by the Gestapo after a visit to the League of Nations' High Commissioner Carl Jakob Burckhardt.[4][6]

Election results

In the Volkstag elections the party received:[7][8]

Year Votes % Seats % of Seats
1920 24,409 15.93% 19 15.83%
1923 39,755 24.12% 30 25.00%
1927 61,779 33.79% 42 35.00%
1930 49,965 25.25% 19 26.39%
1933 37,882 17.69% 13 18.06%
1935 37,729 16.05% 12 16.67%

Bibliography

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Labour and Socialist International. Kongress-Protokolle der Sozialistischen Arbeiter-Internationale - B. 3.1 Brüssel 1928. Glashütten im Taunus: D. Auvermann, 1974. p. IV. 37
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Kowalski, Werner. Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. pp. 291-292
  3. ↑ Kowalski, Werner. Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923 - 19. Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 283
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Erich Brost Foundation (page 10) (German)
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 16. Mai 1920, Wahl zur verfassunggebenden Versammlung, 18. November 1923, Wahl zum 2. Volkstag, 13. November 1927, Wahl zum 3. Volkstag, 16. November 1930, Wahl zum 4. Volkstag, 28. Mai 1933, Wahl zum 5. Volkstag, 28. Mai 1933 7. April 1935, Wahl zum 6. Volkstag
  8. ↑ Langkau-Alex, Ursula. Dokumente zur Geschichte des Ausschusses zur Vorbereitung einer Deutschen Volksfront, Chronik und Verzeichnisse. Deutsche Volksfront 1932 - 1939 : zwischen Berlin, Paris, Prag und Moskau / Ursula Langkau-Alex, Bd. 3. Berlin: Akad.-Verl, 2005. p. 331
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