Stephen F. Brown

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Stephen Flavius Brown
Stephen F. Brown.jpg
Stephen F. Brown, Union Army Captain, American Civil War
Born (1841-04-04)April 4, 1841
Swanton, Vermont
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
Swanton, Vermont
Place of burial
Church Street Cemetery, Swanton, Vermont
Allegiance US flag 34 stars.svg
United States of America (Union)
Service/branch Union Army
Years of service 1862 - 1864
Rank US military captain's rank.gif
Captain
Unit Flag of Vermont (1837-1923).svg
13th Vermont Infantry
Flag of Vermont (1837-1923).svg
17th Vermont Infantry
Commands held Flag of Vermont (1837-1923).svg
Company A, 17th Vermont Infantry
Battles/wars American Civil War
Other work Attorney

Stephen F. Brown (April 4, 1841—September 8, 1903) was a Union Army officer in the American Civil War, and became famous for taking part in the Battle of Gettysburg armed only with a camp hatchet.

Early life

Stephen Flavius Brown was born in Swanton, Vermont, on April 4, 1841.[1] He was educated in Swanton, became a teacher, and planned to begin studies at the University of Vermont in the fall of 1862.[2]

Instead of beginning college, Brown enlisted for the Civil War as a Private in Company K, 13th Vermont Infantry Regiment. He was soon elected the company's First Lieutenant. The 13th Vermont was part of the 2nd Vermont Brigade, and carried out duties in Maryland and Virginia during 1862 and 1863.[3][4]

Battle of Gettysburg

In July 1863, the 2nd Vermont Brigade marched from Maryland to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania as part of the VI Corps.[5] While en route, Brown violated a "no straggling" order and disobeyed a security detail guarding a well to refill the canteens of several soldiers in his company who were succumbing to the effects of the summer heat. Brown was placed under arrest and relieved of his sword and pistol, an officer's symbols of authority. Given the circumstances unfolding at the Battle of Gettysburg, Brown was not detained and was allowed to keep marching with his men.[6][7][8]

Once the 2nd Brigade arrived at Gettysburg, Brown determined to reclaim his honor by taking part in the fight. Arming himself with a hand axe from a woodpile near his regiment's camp, Brown charged into battle to the cheers of his men. During the hand-to-hand combat he compelled the surrender of a Confederate officer, whose sword and pistol Brown seized before making the Confederate a prisoner.[9][10]

During the battle Brown suffered head trauma from the concussion of an artillery shell which exploded near him as he rendered aid to a member of the regiment who had lost a leg during the fighting. Despite the hearing loss and other effects from the shell's concussion, Brown refused to leave the field, telling the regimental surgeon that he would continue to fight unless the entire regiment was ordered to retreat.[11][12]

The 13th Vermont's role at Gettysburg included taking part in the counterattack on Pickett's Charge. Units of the 2nd Vermont Brigade, commanded by George J. Stannard, marched out from the Union lines, executed a left flank maneuver, and fired directly into the flank of Pickett's men as they advanced. Stannard's timely action effectively ended Pickett's Charge and the Battle of Gettysburg.[13][14]

Brown continued to wear the captured sword and pistol until the end of his service. The charges against him for violating the "no straggling" order were not pursued.[15]

Later military service

After the 13th Vermont's term of service ended, Brown reenlisted, this time as a member of the 17th Vermont Infantry. Promoted to Captain, he was assigned as commander of the regiment's Company A.[16]

In May, 1864 Brown was wounded at the Battle of the Wilderness, when a bullet struck his left shoulder as he was giving orders to his company. His left arm had to be amputated, and Brown was discharged in August, 1864.[17]

Later life

After the war Brown enrolled at Albany Law School, from which he graduated in 1868.[18][19] He then relocated to Chicago, where he established a successful law practice and was also successful as a real estate investor.[20]

During the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 he lost his law library, the building containing his law office and several other buildings he owned, but he was able to recover and continue his law practice and business activities.[21]

In May, 1882 the U. S. Grant Grand Army of the Republic Post (Number 28) in Chicago held a testimonial dinner in Brown's honor, and presented him with a medal to commemorate his heroism at Gettysburg.[22]

In 1891 Brown returned to Swanton so he could care for his aged parents, and he continued to reside there after their deaths.[23][24]

Brown was elected President of the Reunion Society of Vermont Officers in 1901.[25] He was active in the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) and the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS).[26][27]

Death and burial

Brown died in Swanton on September 8, 1903.[28][29] He is buried at Church Street Cemetery in Swanton.[30]

Family

Brown was the son of Samuel G. Brown (1816-1891) and Anne M. Crawford Brown (1817-1896). Samuel G. Brown was a Civil War veteran, having served in Company A, 1st Vermont Infantry.[31][32]

Stephen F. Brown's brother, Samuel G. Brown, Jr. (1842-1864), was a lieutenant in the 17th Vermont Infantry. He died in Washington, D.C. as the result of contracting typhoid fever.[33]

In 1896 Brown married Mary N. McDonough (1851-1925) in Swanton.[34]

Legacy

13th Vermont Infantry monument at Gettysburg.

The monument to the 13th Vermont on the Gettysburg battlefield is topped with a statue of Brown. The War Department would not allow Brown to be depicted carrying his axe, regarding that as a tribute to disobedience of orders. Instead, the statue depicts him with a sword at his side and an axe at his feet.[35]

One panel on the base of the monument is dedicated to Brown. It reads:

"The statue represents Stephen F. Brown, Co. K, who arrived on the field without a sword, but seized a camp hatchet, and carried it in the battle until he captured a sword from a Confederate officer. Persevering and determining like him were all the men of this regiment of Green Mountain Boys."[36]

Brown presented to the Vermont Historical Society the sword he seized at Gettysburg.[37]

References

  1. ↑ Swanton Historical Society, The History of Swanton, Vermont, 1988, page 100
  2. ↑ Lewis Cass Aldrich, History of Franklin and Grand Isle counties, Vermont, 1891, page 705
  3. ↑ Erik S. Hinckley and Tom Ledoux, They Went to War: A Biographical Register of the Green Mountain State in the Civil War, 2010, pages 52-53
  4. ↑ Civil War in the East, 13th Vermont Infantry Regiment, retrieved February 2, 2014
  5. ↑ Paul G. Zeller, The Second Vermont Volunteer Infantry Regiment, 1861-1865, 2009, page 146
  6. ↑ Edwin C. Bearss, Receding Tide: Vicksburg and Gettysburg; the Campaigns that Changed the Civil War, 2010, page 372
  7. ↑ Jeffry D. Wert, Gettysburg, Day Three, 2002, pages 227-228
  8. ↑ Howard Coffin, Nine Months to Gettysburg: Stannard's Vermonters and the Repulse of Pickett's Charge, 2011
  9. ↑ Richard Rollins, editor, Pickett's Charge: Eyewitness Accounts at the Battle of Gettysburg, 2005, page 260
  10. ↑ Albert Lawson, War Anecdotes and Incidents of Army Life: Reminiscences from Both Sides of the Conflict Between the North and the South, How a Hatchet Replaced a Sword, 1888, pages 45-46
  11. ↑ John M. Priest, Into the Fight: Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg, 1998, page 176
  12. ↑ Coffin, Nine Months to Gettysburg, page 290-291
  13. ↑ Shaler's Brigade Association, Shaler's Brigade, Survivors of the Sixth Corps: reunion and Monument Dedications at Gettysburg, 1888, page 86
  14. ↑ 13th Vermont Regiment Association, Pictorial History Thirteenth Regiment Vermont Volunteers: War of 1861-1865, 1910, pages 309, 319
  15. ↑ Albert Lawson, War Anecdotes, page 46
  16. ↑ Abby Maria Hemenway, The Vermont Historical Gazetteer, Volume 2, Part 1, 1871, page 446
  17. ↑ Hinckley, Ledoux, They Went to War, pages 52-53
  18. ↑ University of Vermont, General Catalogue, 1902, page 126
  19. ↑ Vermont Phoenix, Obituary: Stephen F. Brown, September 11, 1903
  20. ↑ American Biographical Publishing Company, Bench and Bar of Chicago, pages 126-127
  21. ↑ American Biographical Publishing Company, The Bench and Bar of Chicago, 1883, page 127
  22. ↑ Biographical Publishing, Bench and Bar of Chicago, pages 123-124
  23. ↑ Biographical Publishing, Bench and Bar of Chicago, page 130
  24. ↑ Hinckley, Ledoux, They Went to War], page 52
  25. ↑ Reunion Society of Vermont Officers, Proceedings of the Reunion Society of Vermont Officers, Volume 2, 1906, page 293
  26. ↑ Alfred Theodore Andreas, History of Chicago: From the Fire of 1871 until 1885, 1886, page 590
  27. ↑ Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Register of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, 1906, page 42
  28. ↑ Law Notes magazine, Other Deaths in the Profession: Stephen F. Brown, October 1903, pages 136-137
  29. ↑ Vermont, Vital Records, 1720-1908, Death Record for Stephen F. Brown, retrieved February 2, 2014
  30. ↑ Stephen F. Brown at Find a Grave, retrieved February 2, 2014
  31. ↑ Aldrich, History of Franklin and Grand Isle Counties, page 705
  32. ↑ Hinckley, Ledoux, They Went to War, page 53
  33. ↑ Hemenway, The Vermont Historical Gazetteer, page 471
  34. ↑ Vermont, Vital Records, 1720-1908, marriage record for Stephen F. Brown, retrieved February 2, 2014
  35. ↑ Edwin C. Bearss, Receding Tide
  36. ↑ The Vermonter magazine, Thirteenth Vermont Volunteers, January 1900, page 114
  37. ↑ Vermont Historical Society, Proceedings of the Vermont Historical Society, 1903, pages 33-34

External links

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