Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of Russia

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Nicholas Alexandrovich
Heir, Tsesarevich and Grand Duke of Russia
File:Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsarevich of Russia.JPG
Nicholas Alexandrovich c 1864
Born (1843-09-20)20 September 1843
Alexander Palace, Tsarskoye Selo, Russian Empire
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
Nice, France
House Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
Father Alexander II of Russia
Mother Marie of Hesse and by Rhine

Nicholas Alexandrovich, Heir, Tsesarevich and Grand Duke of Russia (Russian: Цесаревич Николай Александрович, Наследник-Цесаревич и Великий Князь) (20 September [O.S. 8 September] 1843 – 24 April [O.S. 12 April] 1865) was Tsesarevich—the heir apparent—of Imperial Russia from 2 March 1855 until his death in 1865.

Early life

Born at Tsarskoe Selo and nicknamed "Nixa", he was the eldest son of then-Tsesarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, eldest son of Emperor Nicholas I, and Empress Maria. In 1855, his paternal grandfather died, and his father succeeded to the throne as Emperor Alexander II.

Engagement

Tsesarevich Nicholas with Princess Dagmar of Denmark, engagement photograph, 1864

In the summer of 1864, Nicholas became engaged to Princess Dagmar of Denmark. She was the second daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark and Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel and was a younger sister of Alexandra, Princess of Wales, wife of the heir-apparent to the British throne.

Death

Until 1865, Nicholas was thought to have a strong constitution, but early in that year, during a tour in southern Europe, he contracted an ailment that was initially incorrectly diagnosed as rheumatism. Nicholas's symptoms at that time included back pain and a stiff neck, as well as sensitivity to noise and light. He thought little of his ailments, however, and continued his tour in Italy.

His health rapidly worsened, and he was sent to Southern France, but this move brought him no improvement. It was eventually determined that he was suffering from cerebro-spinal meningitis, and it was speculated that this illness of his was caused by a previous accident in a wrestling match, in which Nicholas participated and was thrown down.[1] In the spring of 1865, Nicholas continued to decline, and he died on 24 April 1865, in Nice, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.

It is believed that on his deathbed, Nicholas expressed the wish that his fiancée become the bride of his younger brother and successor as Tsesarevich, Alexander, and in 1866, the couple was married.[2]Nicholas's death at the early age of 21 thoroughly devastated his mother, who was said to have pored obsessively over all aspects of Nicholas's life. Empress Maria never recovered from his death.

In 1867, construction was begun on a chapel named in his honor (fr:Chapelle du tsarévitch Nicolas Alexandrovitch) in Nice, on the exact place where Nicholas was said to have died, and in 1868, the chapel was inaugurated, with his brother Alexander and his wife, the re-christened Maria Fyodorovna, in attendance.

Ancestry

Family of Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of Russia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. Peter III of Russia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. Paul I of Russia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17. Catherine II of Russia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. Nicholas I of Russia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18. Friedrich II Eugen, Duke of Württemberg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. Sophie Dorothea of Württemburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. Friederike Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. Alexander II of Russia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. Frederick William II of Prussia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10. Frederick William III of Prussia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21. Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. Charlotte of Prussia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22. Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. Friederike Caroline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsarevich of Russia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25. Karoline of Zweibrücken
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26. Georg Wilhelm of Hesse-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13. Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27. Luise of Leiningen-Heidesheim
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Marie of Hesse and by Rhine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14. Charles Louis of Baden
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29. Karoline Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Wilhelmine of Baden
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (=24)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15. Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31. Karoline of Zweibrücken (=25)
 
 
 
 
 
 

Notes

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References

Russian royalty
Preceded by Heir-apparent to the Russian Throne
1855–1865
Succeeded by
Alexander III of Russia

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