Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia

This article is about the former claimant to the Russian imperial throne. For his namesake grandfather, see Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia. For the first baptized ruler of Russians, see St Vladimir, Grand Duke of Rus.

Vladimir Kirillovich
Grand Duke of Russia
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Head of the House of Romanov
Time	12 October 1938 – 21 April 1992
Predecessor	Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich
Successor	Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna
Born	30 August [O.S. 17 August] 1917 Porvoo, Finland
Died	Miami, Florida, United States
Burial	Grand Ducal Mausoleum, Peter and Paul Fortress, St. Petersburg, Russia
Spouse	Princess Leonida Bagration of Mukhrani
Issue	Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia
Full name Vladimir Cyrillovich Romanov
House	House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
Father	Cyril Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia
Mother	Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Vladimir Kirillovich, Grand Duke of Russia (Cyrillic: Влади́мир Кири́ллович Рома́нов; 30 August [O.S. 17 August] 1917 – 21 April 1992) claimed to be the Head of the Imperial Family of Russia and Titular Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, from 1938 to his death.

Early life

Vladimir was born Prince Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia at Porvoo in the Grand Duchy of Finland, the only son of Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich and Grand Duchess Viktoria Feodorovna (née Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha). Vladimir's paternal grandparents were Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna (née Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin). His maternal grandparents were Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia.

Vladimir's family had fled to Finland after the Russian Revolution of 1917. His family left Finland in 1920, moving to Coburg, Germany. On 8 August 1922 Vladimir's father declared himself Curator of the Russian throne. Two years later on 31 August 1924 his father went a step further and assumed the title Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias. With his father's assumption of the Imperial title Vladimir was granted the title of Tsesarevich (heir apparent) and Grand Duke with the style of Imperial Highness. In 1930 his family left Germany for Saint-Briac, France where his father set up his court.

In the 1930s Vladimir lived for a period in England studying at the University of London and working at the Blackstone agricultural equipment factory in Lincolnshire. He later returned to France moving to Brittany where he became a landowner.

Russian heir and World War II

Vladimir Cyrillovich (second from the right) with his parents and sister Kira

On the death of his father on 12 October 1938, Vladimir assumed the Headship of the Imperial Family of Russia. In 1938 there were suggestions that he would be made regent of Ukraine but he rebuffed the idea, saying he would not help dissolve Russia.

During World War II, Vladimir was living in Saint-Briac-sur-Mer in Brittany. In 1942, Vladimir and his entourage were placed in a concentration camp at Compiègne after he refused to issue a manifesto calling on Russian émigrés to support Nazi Germany's war against the Soviet Union.

In 1944 the German army moved the family inland out of fear of an invasion from the coast. The Germans were taking them to Paris when an order to drive to Vittel was given. Even Vittel proved to be unsafe, so they were moved to Germany. Vladimir lived in a castle belonging to the husband of his elder sister Maria Kirillovna in Amorbach, Bavaria until 1945. After Germany's defeat, Vladimir's fear of being captured by the Soviets prompted relocation to Austria and next to the border of Liechtenstein. He tried to move with General Boris Smyslovsky's army and cross the border, but neither Liechtenstein nor Switzerland would issue him an exit visa, so he stayed in Austria where he lived in the American occupation zone.

Vladimir's maternal aunt, Infanta Beatrice of Orléans-Borbon, secured for him a Spanish visa. He subsequently lived with her in Sanlúcar de Barrameda.

Post war and marriage

After the war he spent most of his time in Madrid, with frequent stays at his property in Brittany, as well as in Paris.

Vladimir married Princess Leonida Georgievna Bagration-Moukhransky on 13 August 1948 in Lausanne. Pre-revolutionary Romanov house law dictated that only those born of an "equal marriage" between a Romanov dynast and a member of a "ruling or royal family", were included in the Imperial line of succession to the Russian throne; children of morganatic marriages were ineligible to inherit the throne or dynastic status. The family to which Princess Leonida belonged, the Bagrationi dynasty, had been kings in Georgia from the medieval era until the early 19th century, but no male line ancestor of hers had reigned as a king in Georgia since 1505 and her branch of the Bagrations, the House of Muchrani, had been naturalised among the non-ruling nobility of Russia after Georgia was annexed to the Russian empire in 1801. Yet the royal status of the House of Bagration had been recognized by Russia in the 1783 Treaty of Georgievsk and was confirmed by Vladimir Kirillovich on 5 December 1946 as claimed head of the Russian imperial house. Some controversy therefore arises as to whether Vladimir's marriage to Leonida was equal or morganatic, and whether his claim to the Imperial throne validly passed to his daughter Maria, to some other dynast, or to no one upon his death.

Following Vlaidimir's public designation of his daughter as "curatrix of the throne", in anticipation that she would eventually succeed him as head of the dynasty in exile, the heads of three of the other branches of the imperial family -- the Princes Vsevolod Ioannovich (Konstantinovichi), Roman Petrovich (Nikolaevichi) and Andrei Alexandrovich (Mihailovichi) -- wrote to Vladimir in 1969, asserting that the dynastic status of his daughter was no different from that of their own children (Vsevolod Ioannovich was childless, but Roman Petrovich had two sons by Countess Prascovia Sheremetyev, while Andrei Alexandrovich had two sons by Donna Elisabeth Ruffo of a Russian branch of the Princes di San Sant' Antimo) and that his wife was of no higher status than the wives of the other Romanov princes.

In 1952 he called on the Western powers to wage war against the Soviet Union. On 23 December 1969 Vladimir issued a controversial decree whereby in the event he predeceased the living male Romanovs that he recognised as dynasts then his daughter Maria would become the "Curatrix of the Imperial Throne". This has been viewed as an attempt by Vladimir to ensure the succession remained in his branch of the imperial family, while the heads of the other branches declared that Vladimir's actions were illegal.

Vladimir was able to visit Russia in November 1991 when he was invited to visit St Petersburg by its Mayor Anatoly Sobchak.

Death and succession dispute

Main article: Line of succession to the Russian throne

Grand Duke Vladimir died of an apparent heart attack while addressing a gathering of Spanish-speaking bankers and investors in Miami in the United States on 21 April 1992. His body was returned to Russia and he was buried with full pomp and splendour in the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, the first Romanov to be honoured in this way since before the revolution. The press noted that the funeral "was regarded by civic and Russian authorities as an obligation to the Romanov family rather than a step toward restoration of the monarchy." According to a government spokesman, it was a way of "cleansing our guilt". As he was only a great-grandson of a recognized Russian emperor, his claimed title of "Grand Duke of Russia" caused problems as to what to put on his tombstone.

After his death, his daughter Maria Vladimirovna, assumed the headship of the Imperial Family of Russia according to his branch's interpretation of the Russian house laws. This was disputed by Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia who had been chosen president of the Romanov Family Association prior to the death of Grand Duke Vladimir.

Nicholas asserted that he was the most senior male dynast after the death of Vladimir, as he believed the children of Romanov grand dukes (sons and grandsons of Russia's tsars) who had not married equally were not Russian dynasts, whereas Princes of Russia (being male-line great-grandchildren, or remoter descendants, of Russia's tsars) were not unequivocally subject to the equal marriage restriction, and deemed their children to be dynasts. "The position of the Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna as Head of the Imperial House is acknowledged by most serious Russian Monarchist organizations and by most of those Heads of Royal Houses which continue to maintain relations with the Imperial House," according to scholar Guy Stair Sainty. The Romanov Family Association did not recognize Vladimir or his daughter to be rightful claimants to the Russian throne, nor has it acknowledged any other Romanov descendant as such, since its by-laws expressly forbid it to recognize anyone's claim to the throne.

Titles, styles and honours

Titles

• 30 August [ O.S. 17 August ] 1917 – 8 August 1922: His Highness Prince Vladmir Kirillovich of Russia
• 8 August 1922 – 12 October 1938: His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Vladmir Kirillovich of Russia
• 12 October 1938 – 21 April 1992: His Imperial Highness Vladimir, Grand Duke of Russia

Honours

National dynastic honours

• Russian Imperial Family: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of St. Andrew
• Russian Imperial Family: Sovereign of the Order of St Catherine
• Russian Imperial Family: Sovereign Knight of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky
• Russian Imperial Family: Sovereign Knight of the Order of St. Anna
• Russian Imperial Family: Sovereign Knight of the Order of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker
• Russian Imperial Family: Sovereign of the Order of St. Anastasia
• Russian Imperial Family: Sovereign Knight of the Order of St. George
• Russian Imperial Family: Sovereign Knight of the Order of Saint Stanislaus
• Russian Imperial Family: Sovereign of the Order of Saint Olga
• Russian Imperial Family: Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael the Archangel

Foreign honours

• Two Sicilies: Knight Grand Cross of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George (KGCJCO)
• Georgian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Queen Tamar
• German/Prussian Imperial and Royal family: Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Black Eagle
• Italian Royal Family: Knight of the Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
• Malta: Protector Knight Grand Cross of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
• Ducal Family of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha: Knight Grand Cross of the Saxe-Ernestine House Order

Ancestry

Family of Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia

16. Nicholas I of Russia               8. Alexander II of Russia                       17. Princess Charlotte of Prussia               4. Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia                             18. Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine               9. Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine                       19. Princess Wilhelmine of Baden               2. Cyril Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia                                   20. Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin               10. Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin                       21. Princess Alexandrine of Prussia               5. Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin                             22. Prince Heinrich LXIII Reuss of Köstritz               11. Princess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz                       23. Countess Eleonore of Stolberg-Wernigerode               1. Vladimir Cyrillovich, Grand Duke of Russia                                         24. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha               12. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha                       25. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg               6. Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha                             26. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn               13. Victoria of the United Kingdom                       27. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld               3. Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha                                   28. Nicholas I of Russia (= 16)               14. Alexander II of Russia (= 8)                       29. Princess Charlotte of Prussia (= 17)               7. Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia                             30. Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (= 18)               15. Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (= 9)                       31. Princess Wilhelmine of Baden (= 19)

References

Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov Cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg Born: 30 August 1917 Died: 21 April 1992
Titles in pretence
Preceded by Cyril Vladimirovich	— TITULAR — Emperor of Russia 12 October 1938 – 21 April 1992 Reason for succession failure: Empire abolished in 1917	Succeeded by Disputed Maria Vladimirovna or Nicholas Romanovich
	— TITULAR — Duke of Holstein-Gottorp 12 October 1938 – 21 April 1992	Succeeded by Paul Ilyinsky (Prince Paul Dmitrievich Romanovsky-Ilyinsky)