Voiced retroflex lateral affricate

Voiced retroflex lateral affricate
d𝼅
dɭ˔

The voiced retroflex lateral affricate is a rare consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨d͜ɭ˔⟩ or (implied) ⟨d͜𝼅⟩; the latter is also extIPA.

Features

Features of the voiceless retroflex lateral affricate:

• Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
• Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated subapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical sub-apical articulation, the tongue contact can be apical (pointed) or laminal (flat).
• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
• It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Kamkata-viri	Kamviri dialect	uḍl′oa-	[uˈɖɭ˔oː]	to drive away	Apical post-alveolar. Phonemically a sequence /ɖl/.
Bhadarwahi	Bhalesi, Bhadrawahi dialects	haiḍḷ	[haiɖ͡ɭ˔]	"turmeric"	From old /Cr/ clusters. Contrasts /ʈ͡ꞎ ɖ͡ɭ ɖ͡ɭʱ/