Bombardier Zefiro
![]() Bombardier Zefiro 380
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Bombardier Zefiro is a family of high-speed passenger trains designed by Bombardier Transportation whose variants have top operating speeds of between 250 km/h (155 mph) and 380 km/h (236 mph).
The family consists of: the Zefiro 250, which has a top operating speed of 250 km/h (155 mph) and which is for the moment wholly manufactured in China; the Zefiro 300, which has a top operating speed of 300 km/h (186 mph); and the Zefiro 380, which has a top operating speed of 380 km/h (236 mph).
Contents
Background
Bombardier transportation and its predecessor companies produced a variety of high-speed trainsets,[4] as part collaborations with other conglomerates, such as the Intercity-Express family of locomotives[5] (Germany), AVE Class 102,[5] RENFE class 130 (Spain), ICN (Switzerland), the Acela express[5] (USA), and parts of the TGV Duplex, Eurostar, Thalys, and ETR 500[5] trainsets (Europe various). Additionally the company has independently produced high-speed trainsets for specific markets, such as CRH1, "Xinshisu" (China), X 2000,[5] Regina (Sweden) and BM71 (Norway).[6]
In November 2005 Bombardier launched its general solution, the Zefiro single-deck train for high-speed rail lines, available in 4-, 8-,12- or 16-car sets,[4] capable of being configured for a variety of supply voltages,[3] and produced in either standard (2.9 m or 9 ft 6 in) or a wide (3.4 m or 11 ft 2 in) widths.[2]
Design
The Zefiro trainset is a conventional (non-inter-coach articulated) single-deck electrical-multiple-unit high-speed train. It consists of powered and unpowered cars, with motorized power cars at either end.[4] Car bodies are constructed of aluminium, with the exception of the wide-bodied Zefiro 250 trains, the bodies of which have stainless steel bodies. They have customisable open-plan layouts.[7]
Trains are made up of 4-car units, each of which contains a transformer and its own power supply. Typically, the end cars of each 4-car unit have powered bogies, with the two middle cars being unpowered. The pantograph is located on one of the unpowered cars.[1]
The specifications for all current designs (2009) describe asynchronous three-phase motors, with forced air cooling.[1] However, Bombardier also offers the option of permanent-magnet synchronous motors[8] (which it groups in its "ECO4" energy-saving technologies),[9] which were tested on modified Regina trains in 2008 on the "Green Train" (Swedish: Gröna Tåget).[10]
Variants
Zefiro 250
Zefiro 250 | |
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Constructed | 2009- |
Formation | 8 or 16 cars (sleeper or seated)[11] |
Capacity | 480 beds, 16 luxury beds, 122 seats (16-car sleeper version)[11] |
Operator(s) | Chinese Ministry of Railways |
Specifications | |
Car body construction | Stainless steel carbody in wide profile[11] |
Train length | 216 m (709 ft) (8 cars), 428.9 m (1,407 ft)(16 cars)[11] |
Car length | 28.25 m (92.7 ft) (Cab cars), 26.6 m (87 ft 3 in) (Intermediate cars)[11] |
Width | 3.328 m (10 ft 11.0 in)[11] |
Height | 4.04 m (13 ft 3 in)[11] |
Maximum speed | 250 km/h (155 mph)[11] |
Weight | 890 t (880 long tons; 980 short tons) (16-car trainset)[11] |
Axle load | 16.5 t (16.2 long tons; 18.2 short tons) |
Power output | 13.5 MW (18,100 hp) (for propulsion), 11 MW (15,000 hp) (CRH1E)[11] |
Transmission | AC - AC |
Acceleration | 0.6 m/s2 (2.0 ft/s2)[11] |
Power supply | Overhead catenary |
Electric system(s) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC[11] |
Current collection method | Pantograph |
Bogies | Regina type ("FLEXX link") with 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) wheelbase[11] |
Braking system(s) | Electro-pneumatic, Regenerativce |
Multiple working | Possible for two 8-car trainsets, not possible for 16-car trainset[11] |
Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge |
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The first variant of the Zefiro concept to be produced was a series of twenty 16-car EMU sleeper trains produced by Bombardier's joint venture Sifang Power (Qingdao) Transportation (BSP), which were delivered from 2009. These trains were the first high-speed trains license manufactured in China as well as the highest speed sleeper trains at that time.[5]
Under China railways use they are classified class CRH1E.[12]
Starting acceleration is greater than 0.6 m/s2 (2.0 ft/s2), with a 16-car train weight of 859 t (845 long tons; 947 short tons) and an axle load of 16.5 t (16.2 long tons; 18.2 short tons), bogie type is that found on the Regina (train) with 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) wheelbase with 63% of axles motorized.[13]
In July 2010 The Ministry of Railways ordered 40 more 8-car 250 km/h (155 mph) CRH1 Zefiro high-speed trains from the Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd joint venture.[14]
In September 2012, based on a modified contract with Bombardier, The MOR ordered an additional 106 8-car trains, 60 of which are to be a new variant, designated the Zefiro 250NG. This variant is an evolution of the original, and will utilize different materials in order to provide weight savings and more efficient operation.[15]
Zefiro 300
Zefiro 300 | |
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Formation | up to 16 cars[13] |
Capacity | 600 seats (8 cars)[13] 1,200 seats (16 car)[13] |
Operator(s) | Trenitalia |
Specifications | |
Car body construction | Aluminium carbody, UIC profile[13] |
Train length | 202 m (663 ft) (8-car train), 402 m (1,319 ft) (16-car train)[13] |
Width | 2.924 m (9 ft 7.1 in)[16] |
Height | 4.08 m (13 ft 5 in) |
Floor height | 1.24 m (4 ft 1 in) |
Doors | 28 total |
Maximum speed | 300 to 360 km/h (186 to 224 mph)[13] |
Weight | 500 t (492.1 long tons; 551.2 short tons) |
Axle load | ~17 t (16.7 long tons; 18.7 short tons).[13] |
Traction system | IGBT Inverters and AC Asynchronous Motors |
Power output | 9.8 MW (13,100 hp) (8-car train @300 km/h or 186 mph)[13] |
Acceleration | 0.7 m/s2 (1.6 mph/s)[13] |
Deceleration | 1.2 m/s2 (2.7 mph/s) |
Power supply | Overhead catenary |
Electric system(s) | 1.5 & 3 kV DC, 15 kV 16.7 Hz & 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
Current collection method | Pantograph |
Bogies | "FLEXX speed", 2.85 m (9 ft 4 in) wheelbase[13] |
Braking system(s) | Regenerative, Friction |
Multiple working | Possible for two 8-car trainsets, not possible for 16-car trainset[13] |
Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) |
The Zefiro 300 is intended for European operations, with a UIC profile, and capable of being fitted for use on all four European electrification schemes (1.5 & 3 kV DC, 15 & 25 kV AC). Bogies are FLEXX type with a 2.85 m (9 ft 4 in) wheelbase,[13] 50% of which are motorized. Starting acceleration is greater than 0.60 m/s2 (2.0 ft/s2). It has an axle load of approximately 17 t (16.7 long tons; 18.7 short tons).[13] Two 8-car sets can be joined together to form one longer train.[13]
A variant of the Zefiro 300 was offered by Bombardier in association with AnsaldoBreda to Trenitalia, the Italian national railway service, as part of a bid for 50 new high-speed trainsets in 2010.[17] Trenitalia selected this bid as the winner on 5 August 2010.[18] These entered service in 2015 and are designated ETR 1000.[19]
Zefiro 380
Zefiro 380 | |
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Entered service | 2012[3] |
Formation | 8 or 16 cars[20] |
Capacity | 664 seats (max) 8 car 1,336 seats (max) 16 car[20] |
Operator(s) | Chinese Ministry of Railways |
Specifications | |
Car body construction | Aluminium carbody, wide profile[20] |
Train length | 215.3 m (706 ft) (8 car) 428.1 m (1,405 ft) (16 car)[20] |
Car length | 27.85 m (91 ft 4 in) (Cab car) 26.6 m (87 ft 3 in) (Intermediate car)[20] |
Width | 3.4 m (11 ft 2 in)[20] |
Height | 4.16 m (13 ft 8 in)[20] |
Maximum speed | 380 km/h (236 mph) |
Weight | 462 t (455 long tons; 509 short tons) (Empty) 1,088 t (1,071 long tons; 1,199 short tons) (Full axle load)[20] |
Power output | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (16-car @380 km/h or 236 mph) Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). (8-car @380 km/h or 236 mph)[20] |
Transmission | AC - AC |
Acceleration | 0.48 m/s2 (1.6 ft/s2)[20] |
Power supply | Overhead catenary |
Electric system(s) | 25 kV 50 Hz AC |
Current collection method | Pantograph |
UIC classification | Bo′Bo′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′ (8 car set) Bo′Bo′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′ (16 car set) |
Bogies | "FLEXX speed" with 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) wheelbase[20] |
Braking system(s) | Regenerative and pneumatic |
Multiple working | Possible for two 8-car trainsets, not possible for 16-car trainset[20] |
Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge |
In September 2009, Bombardier announced an order for eighty Zefiro 380 high-speed trains by the Chinese Ministry of Railways (MOR) to be produced at Bombardier's joint venture Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd. The order of twenty 8-car sets and sixty 16-car sets was estimated to be worth 27.4 billion RMB (approx €2.7 billion or $4 billion). The value of Bombardier's share is estimated at €1.3 billion. [21][22]
Under China railways use these trains have been designated CRH1C (8-car set) and CRH1D (16-car set).[12] which was in December 2010 revised to CRH380C and CRH380CL and once again to CRH380D (8-car set) & CRH380DL (16-car set) according to the new numbering system.[23]
As of the most recent news, the order has been amended to include only seventy 8-car sets, designated as the CRH380D. Orders for the 16-car DL sets were converted to D sets in late 2011.[15]
The first three sets have been delivered,[24][25][26] with the first undergoing testing.[27]
See also
- China Railways CRH1 -Class designation of China railways high-speed trains of Bombardier design
- Siemens Velaro -competitor of similar design.
- Alstom AGV -competitor of similar design.
- List of high-speed trains
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 BOMBARDIER ZEFIRO High-speed Trains for 200 to 350 km/h Bombardier zefiro technical description. via superscooper.com
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Bombardier launches high-speed train International Railway Journal, December 2005, via findarticles.com
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 ZEFIRO high speed trains Project Overview bombardier.com
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 High speed from Bombardier – ZEFIRO (presentation) Flavio Canetti, Bombardier Transportation via uic.org
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Will Zefiro take high-speed forward? After years of collaboration in high-speed trains, Bombardier will soon launch its own dedicated train called Zefiro, and the company has high expectations of this exciting new design International Railway Journal, March 2008, via findarticles.com
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Backgrounder: Bombardier Zefiro: The next step in very high-speed rail technology transport.bombardier.com
- ↑ MITRAC Permanent Magnet Motor bombardier.com
- ↑ ECO4: Revolutionary Energy-Saving Technologies bombardier.com
- ↑ ECO4 – Now, More than Ever, the Climate is Right for Trains page 5 bombardier.com
- ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 http://www.zefiro.bombardier.com/desktop/media/files/zefiro_250_datasheet_low_res.pdf
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 The New High Speed Superpower www.eurotrib.com
- ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 http://www.zefiro.bombardier.com/desktop/media/files/zefiro_low_res.pdf
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/zefiro-250ng-included-in-revised-high-speed-train-contract.html
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 Zefiro 380 Datasheet - Bombardier zefiro.bombardier.com
- ↑ Bombardier Sifang Wins Contract to Build 80 Very High Speed Trains for China Market Wire, September 2009 via findarticles.com
- ↑ Bombardier Sifang Wins Contract to Build 80 Very High Speed Trains for China September 28, 2009 , press release bombardier.com
- ↑ Ministry of Railway, Passenger Division, Bulletin Nr. 807, 2010
- ↑ http://bbs.railcn.net/thread-1228064-1-1.html
- ↑ http://img528.imageshack.us/img528/7170/6776535954350e3ece07b.jpg
- ↑ http://img19.imageshack.us/img19/1200/677653619696b16196f6b.jpg
- ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6FsMcqMLRw
External links
- Bombardier Zefiro Bombardier Zefiro site