Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor

Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor also known as parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PTH1R gene. PTH1R functions as a receptor for parathyroid hormone (PTH) and for parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), also called parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH).

Function

This "classical" PTH receptor is expressed in high levels in bone and kidney and regulates calcium ion homeostasis through activation of adenylate cyclase and phospholipase C. In bone, it is expressed on the surface of osteoblasts. When the receptor is activated through PTH binding, osteoblasts express RANKL (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kB Ligand), which binds to RANK (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kB) on osteoclasts. This turns on osteoclasts to ultimately increase the resorption rate.

Mechanism

It is a member of the secretin family of G protein-coupled receptors. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G_s G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. Besides, they also activate phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.

Pathology

Defects in this receptor are known to be the cause of Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (JMC), chondrodysplasia Blomstrand type (BOCD), as well as enchondromatosis and primary failure of tooth eruption.

Interactions

Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor has been shown to interact with Sodium-hydrogen exchange regulatory cofactor 2 and Sodium-hydrogen antiporter 3 regulator 1.

Model organisms

Model organisms have been used in the study of PTH1R function. A conditional knockout mouse line called Pth1r^{tm1a(EUCOMM)Hmgu} was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping

Pth1r knockout mouse phenotype

Characteristic	Phenotype
All data available at.
Peripheral blood leukocytes 6 Weeks	Normal
Insulin	Normal
Haematology 6 Weeks	Normal
Homozygous viability at P14	Abnormal
Recessive lethal study	Abnormal
Body weight	Normal
Neurological assessment	Normal
Grip strength	Normal
Dysmorphology	Normal
Indirect calorimetry	Normal
Glucose tolerance test	Normal
Auditory brainstem response	Normal
DEXA	Normal
Radiography	Normal
Eye morphology	Normal
Clinical chemistry	Normal
Haematology 16 Weeks	Normal
Peripheral blood leukocytes 16 Weeks	Normal
Heart weight	Normal
Salmonella infection	Normal
Cytotoxic T Cell Function	Normal
Spleen Immunophenotyping	Normal
Mesenteric Lymph Node Immunophenotyping	Normal
Bone Marrow Immunophenotyping	Normal
Epidermal Immune Composition	Normal
Influenza Challenge	Normal

See also

• Parathyroid hormone receptor

External links

• Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.