Demographics of Mozambique

The demographics of Mozambique describes the condition and overview of Mozambique's peoples. Demographic topics include basic education, health, and population statistics as well as identified racial and religious affiliations.

Population

File:Mozambique-demography.png

Demographics of Mozambique, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

According to the 2010 revison of the World Population Prospects the total population was 23 391 000 in 2010, compared to only 6 442 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 44.1%, 52.6% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% was 65 years or older .

	Total population (x 1000)	Population aged 0–14 (%)	Population aged 15–64 (%)	Population aged 65+ (%)
1950	6 442	41.7	55.6	2.7
1955	6 972	41.9	55.4	2.7
1960	7 647	42.3	55.0	2.8
1965	8 474	42.9	54.3	2.8
1970	9 453	43.5	53.6	2.9
1975	10 620	43.8	53.2	3.0
1980	12 146	43.8	53.1	3.0
1985	13 335	44.7	52.2	3.1
1990	13 547	46.6	50.2	3.3
1995	15 933	44.2	52.7	3.1
2000	18 201	43.9	53.0	3.2
2005	20 770	44.4	52.4	3.2
2010	23 391	44.1	52.6	3.3

Structure of the population

Structure of the population (01.08.2007) (Census, complete tabulation)  :

Age Group	Male	Female	Total	%
Total	9 746 690	10 505 533	20 252 223	100
0-4	1 917 794	1 963 660	3 881 454	19,16
5-9	1 587 302	1 615 244	3 202 546	15,81
10-14	1 222 668	1 183 939	2 406 607	11,88
15-19	925 729	991 323	1 917 052	9,47
20-24	774 413	986 526	1 760 939	8,70
25-29	707 603	841 416	1 549 019	7,65
30-34	583 689	667 865	1 251 554	6,18
35-39	481 396	556 191	1 037 587	5,12
40-44	366 518	389 087	755 605	3,73
45-49	321 236	328 660	649 896	3,21
50-54	231 232	283 288	514 520	2,54
55-59	194 011	208 657	402 668	1,99
60-64	140 146	159 557	299 703	1,48
65-69	113 840	127 794	241 634	1,19
70-74	72 288	81 329	153 617	0,76
75-79	55 448	61 012	116 460	0,58
80-84	22 417	28 278	50 695	0,25
85-89	16 576	19 448	36 024	0,18
90-94	4 803	5 883	10 686	0,05
95+	7 581	6 376	13 957	0,07

Age group	Male	Female	Total	Percent
0-14	4 727 764	4 762 843	9 490 607	46,86
15-64	4 725 973	5 412 570	10 138 543	50,06
65+	292 953	330 120	623 073	3,08

Structure of the population (DHS 2011) (Males 28 238 Females 31 593 = 59 831) :

Age Group	Male (%)	Female (%)	Total (%)
0-4	19,1	17,0	18,0
5-9	17,1	16,1	16,5
10-14	15,1	13,6	14,3
15-19	9,9	9,2	9,5
20-24	6,7	7,7	7,2
25-29	6,3	7,0	6,7
30-34	5,0	6,1	5,6
35-39	4,9	5,1	5,0
40-44	3,3	3,5	3,4
45-49	3,0	3,3	3,2
50-54	2,6	4,0	3,3
55-59	2,0	2,2	2,1
60-64	1,5	1,8	1,7
65-69	1,5	1,3	1,4
70-74	1,0	0,9	1,0
75-79	0,5	0,6	0,5
80+	0,4	0,5	0,5
unknown	0,3	0,2	0,2

Age group	Male (%)	Female (%)	Total (%)
0-14	51,3	46,7	48,8
15-64	45,0	49,8	47,6
65+	3,4	3,3	3,4

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events is in Mozambique not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.

Period	Live births per year	Deaths per year	Natural change per year	CBR*	CDR*	NC*	TFR*	IMR*
1950-1955	331 000	220 000	111 000	49.4	32.8	16.5	6.60	220
1955-1960	359 000	219 000	140 000	49.1	30.0	19.1	6.60	201
1960-1965	392 000	222 000	170 000	48.6	27.5	21.1	6.60	185
1965-1970	430 000	230 000	201 000	48.0	25.6	22.4	6.60	172
1970-1975	474 000	236 000	238 000	47.2	23.5	23.7	6.58	158
1975-1980	534 000	247 000	288 000	46.9	21.7	25.3	6.53	146
1980-1985	584 000	272 000	313 000	45.9	21.3	24.5	6.44	143
1985-1990	586 000	283 000	302 000	43.6	21.1	22.5	6.33	143
1990-1995	640 000	293 000	347 000	43.4	19.9	23.6	6.12	134
1995-2000	739 000	301 000	438 000	43.3	17.6	25.7	5.85	115
2000-2005	844 000	326 000	518 000	43.3	16.7	26.6	5.52	99
2005-2010	869 000	341 000	528 000	39.4	15.4	23.9	5.11	88
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Also, according to a 2011 survey, the total fertility rate was 5.9 children per woman, with 6.6 in rural areas and 4.5 in urban areas .

Fertility and Births

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):

Year	CBR (Total)	TFR (Total)	CBR (Urban)	TFR (Urban)	CBR (Rural)	TFR (Rural)
1997		5,2 (4,7)		4,6 (4,1)		5,3 (4,9)
2003	40	5,5 (4,9)	31	4,4 (3,8)	49	6,1 (5,5)
2011	41,6	5,9 (5,1)	37,4	4,5 (3,8)	43,4	6,6 (5,8)

Ethnic groups

Mozambique's major ethnic groups encompass numerous subgroups with diverse languages, dialects, cultures, and histories. Many are linked to similar ethnic groups living in inland countries. The estimated 4 million Makua are the largest ethnic group of the country and are dominant in the northern part of the country — the Sena and Shona (mostly Ndau) are prominent in the Zambezi valley, and the Shangaan (Tsonga) dominate in southern Mozambique. Other groups include Makonde, Yao, Swahili, Tonga, Chopi, and Nguni (including Zulu). The country is also home to a growing number of white residents, most with Portuguese ancestry. During colonial rule, European residents hailed from every Mozambican province, and at the time of independence the total population was estimated at around 360,000. Most vacated the region after independence in 1975, emigrating to Portugal as retornados. There is also a larger mestiço minority with mixed African and Portuguese heritage. The remaining Caucasians in Mozambique are primarily Indian Asiatics, who have arrived from Pakistan, Portuguese India, and numerous Arab countries. There are various estimates for the size of Mozambique's Chinese community, ranging from 1,500 to 12,000 as of 2007.

Languages

Main article: Languages of Mozambique

Portuguese is the official and most widely spoken language of the nation, but in 2007 only 50.4% of Mozambique's population speak Portuguese as either their first or second language, and only 10.7% speak Portuguese as their first language. Arabs, Chinese, and Indians speak their own languages (Indians from Portuguese India speak any of the Portuguese Creoles of their origin) aside from Portuguese as their second language. Most educated Mozambicans speak English, which is used in schools and business as second or third language.

Religion

Main article: Religion in Mozambique

During the colonial era, Christian missionaries were active in Mozambique, and many foreign clergy remain in the country. According to the 2007 census, about 56.1% of the population are Christians (including 28.4% Catholics), 17.9% are Muslim, 7.3% adheres to traditional beliefs and 18.7% do not associate with a specific religion.

Culture

See also: Music of Mozambique

Despite the influence of Islamic coastal traders and European colonizers, the people of Mozambique have largely retained an indigenous culture based on smallscale agriculture. Mozambique's most highly developed art forms have been wood sculpture, for which the Makonde in northern Mozambique are particularly renowned, and dance. The middle and upper classes continue to be heavily influenced by the Portuguese colonial and linguistic heritage.

Education and health

Under Portugal, educational opportunities for poor Mozambicans were limited; 93% of the Bantu population was illiterate, and many could not speak Portuguese. In fact, most of today's political leaders were educated in missionary schools. After independence, the government placed a high priority on expanding education, which reduced the illiteracy rate to about two-thirds as primary school enrollment increased. Unfortunately, in recent years school construction and teacher training enrollments have not kept up with population increases. With post-war enrollments reaching all-time highs, the quality of education has suffered. As a member of Commonwealth of Nations, most urban Mozambicans are required to learn English starting high-school.

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Population:

• 22,948,858 (July 2011 est.)

Population growth rate:

• 2.444% (2011 est.)

Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female (2003 est.), 1.02 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
under 15 years: 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.), 1.01 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female (2003 est.), 0.949 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female (2003 est.), 0.717 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2003 est.), 0.968 male(s)/female (2007 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population: total population: 51.78 years
male: male: 51.01 years
female: female: 52.57 years (2011 est.)

HIV/AIDS — people living with HIV/AIDS: 1.4 million (2009 est.) HIV/AIDS — deaths: 74,000 (2009 est.)

Nationality:
noun: Mozambican(s)
adjective: Mozambican

Ethnic groups:

Indigenous tribal groups (including the Shangana, Chokwe, Manyika, Sena, Makua, Ndau, among others) make up 98.61% of Mozambique's total population. People of mixed race are the largest minority, totaling 0.84% from the remaining figure, while Portuguese Mozambicans and Mozambicans of Indian descent represent 0.36% and 0.2% of the population respectively . There are noteworthy Chinese and Arab communities.

Languages: Portuguese language (official)
Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8% (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe 7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%, other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census)

Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 47.8% (2003 est.), 40.1% (1995 est.)
male: 63.5% (2003 est.), 57.7% (1995 est.)
female: 32.7% (2003 est.), 23.3% (1995 est.)

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook document "2007 edition".