Hilbre Island

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Hilbre Island
HilbreIsland.jpg
Hilbre Island from Middle Eye.
Type Common
Location West Kirby, Merseyside
Coordinates Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Operated by Metropolitan Borough of Wirral
Open All year, dependent on tide
Status Open
Hilbre Island is located in Merseyside
Hilbre Island
Map showing the location of Hilbre Island within Merseyside.

Hilbre Island (/ˈhɪlbriː/ HIL-bree) is the largest of a group of three islands at the mouth of the estuary of the River Dee, the border between England and Wales at this point. The island is administratively part of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral. It is a Local Nature Reserve and is within the estuary Site of Special Scientific Interest.[1][2] As of 2012, the island has no permanent residents.

Location and character

Hilbre Island is approximately 11.5 acres (47,000 m2; 4.7 ha) in area, and lies about 1 mile (1.6 km) from Red Rocks, the nearest part of the mainland of the Wirral Peninsula. The other two islands are Middle Eye (or in older sources Middle Island and on Ordnance Survey maps Little Hilbre), which is about 3 acres (12,000 m2; 1.2 ha) in size and Little Eye, which is considerably smaller. All three islands are formed of red Bunter sandstone. The main island and Middle Eye are less than a hundred yards apart.

Hilbre Island is one of 43 (unbridged) tidal islands that can be reached on foot from the mainland of Great Britain.[3] The island can be reached on foot from the mainland at low tide; this is a popular activity with tourists, especially during the summer months. Little Eye and Middle Eye are both unpopulated, but Hilbre Island has a few houses, some of which are privately owned.

Origin of the name

The island's name derives from the dedication of the medieval chapel which was built on the island to St. Hildeburgh, an Anglo-Saxon holy woman, after which it became known as Hildeburgheye or Hildeburgh's island.[4]

It is thought that Saint Hildeburgh had been a woman living on Hilbre Island in the 7th century as an anchorite. Some consider that she never existed while others equate her with Saint Ermenhilde, the mother of Saint Werburgh to whom Chester Cathedral is dedicated,[5] or St Edburga of Mercia, daughter of the pagan king, Penda.[6]

The 19th century St Hildeburgh's Church, Hoylake built nearby on the mainland is named for her.

History

It is believed that the island has been occupied on and off since the Stone Age: several finds of Stone and Bronze Age items and Roman pottery items were discovered in 1926.

It is thought by some that the Island was already a hermitage prior to the Norman invasion[7] or at least a place of pilgrimage[8] base around the lore of St Hildeburgh.

In about 1080AD a cell and church for Benedictine monks was established on the island as a dependency of Chester cathedral. Although not named directly, it is believed that all three islands were mentioned in the Domesday Book in which mention is made of Chircheb (West Kirby) having two churches: one in the town and one on an island in the sea.

The area was part of the lands of the Norman lord Robert of Rhuddlan. He gave the islands to the abbey at Saint-Evroul-sur-Ouche in Normandy, France who in turn passed responsibility to the Abbey of St. Werburgh in Chester.[4] The island became a common place for pilgrimage in the 13th and 14th centuries.At the dissolution of the monasteries two monks were allowed to remain on the island, as they maintained a beacon for shipping in the river mouth. The last monk left the island in about 1550AD,[9][10] as it was no longer considered a sanctuary, having become a centre for commerce and a busy trading port – so much so that a custom house was established to collect taxes on the goods traded.

In 1692 a small factory was set up to refine rock salt. There was also a beer house or inn. With the silting of the River Dee trade switched to ports on the River Mersey and the trade vanished from the island leading to the closure of the beer house; part of the structure of this building remains incorporated in the custodian's residence.

The islands were bought in 1856 by the Trustees of the Liverpool Docks, which later became known as the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board. Hilbre Island Lighthouse was constructed here in 1927. The islands were sold to Hoylake Council in 1945 for £2,500, passing to Wirral Borough Council on its formation in 1974.

Facilities

The most southerly building on the island is the Hilbre Bird Observatory, from which birds are continuously monitored in connection with a national network of observatories and ringing stations.[3]

In January 2011 it was announced that there would be no permanent ranger. Wirral Council said they have had difficulty finding a ranger prepared to live without mains electricity or running water on the island.[11]

Gallery

  • Hilbre Island Telegraph Station (geograph 2857593).jpg

    The old telegraph station.

  • Hilbre Island wind turbine (geograph 2857538).jpg

    A wind turbine and houses.

  • Wooden buildings on Hilbre Island (geograph 2857579).jpg

    Wooden buildings, looking towards West Kirby.

  • Old lifeboat house on Hilbre and rock - geograph.org.uk - 1394513.jpg

    The old lifeboat station.

  • Middle Eye - geograph.org.uk - 196558.jpg

    Middle Eye.

  • Little Eye - geograph.org.uk - 217877.jpg

    Little Eye.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Peter Caton, No Boat Required – Exploring Tidal Islands, 2011, ISBN 978-1848767-010
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Stephen J. Roberts, A History of Wirral, 2002, ISBN 978-1-86077-512-3
  5. ↑ St Hildeburgh's Parish Church, Hoylake.
  6. ↑ Hilbre at The Journal of Antiquities.com.
  7. ↑ P Sulley, The Hundred of Wirral (Birkenhead, 1889), p.247.
  8. ↑ R Anderson, “History” in J D Craggs editor, Hilbre, The Cheshire Island (Liverpool, 1982) p.11.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Bibliography

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External links

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