Homotaurine

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Homotaurine[1]
Skeletal formula
Ball-and-stick model
Names
IUPAC name
3-Aminopropane-1-sulfonic acid
Other names
Tramiprosate; Alzhemed; 3-APS
Identifiers
3687-18-1 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL149082 YesY
ChemSpider 1584 YesY
Jmol 3D model Interactive image
KEGG D06202 YesY
PubChem 1646
  • InChI=1S/C3H9NO3S/c4-2-1-3-8(5,6)7/h1-4H2,(H,5,6,7) YesY
    Key: SNKZJIOFVMKAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N YesY
  • InChI=1/C3H9NO3S/c4-2-1-3-8(5,6)7/h1-4H2,(H,5,6,7)
    Key: SNKZJIOFVMKAOJ-UHFFFAOYAT
  • O=S(=O)(O)CCCN
Properties
C3H9NO3S
Molar mass 139.17 g·mol−1
Melting point 293 °C (559 °F; 566 K) (decomposition)
Vapor pressure {{{value}}}
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Homotaurine (3-amino-1-propanesulfonic acid (3-APS) or tramiprosate (INN)) is a synthetic organic compound. It is analogous to taurine, but with an extra carbon in its chain. It has GABAergic activity, apparently by mimicking GABA, which is it resembles.[2]

Homotaurine was investigated in a Phase III clinical trial as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease that did not show efficacy in its primary endpoints.[3] In preclinical studies it had been found to bind to soluble amyloid beta and inhibit the formation of neurotoxic aggregates.[3][4] Homotaurine has also shown anticonvulsant activities, reduction in skeletal muscle tonus, and hypothermic activity.[5]

Homotaurine has been reported as a GABA antagonist[2] as well as a GABA agonist.[5][6] In vitro studies have found that homotaurine is a GABAA partial agonist[7] as well as a GABAB receptor partial agonist with low efficacy, becoming an antagonist and a displacing full agonist of GABA or baclofen at this receptor.[8] In a study in rats, homotaurine reversed the catatonia induced by baclofen (the prototypical GABAB agonist),[9] and was able to produce analgesia via the GABAB receptor, an effect that was abolished when CGP 35348, a GABAB receptor antagonist was applied.[10][11]

One study in rats showed that homotaurine suppressed ethanol-stimulated dopamine release, as well as ethanol intake and preference in rats in a way similar to acamprosate.[12] Acamprosate, the N-acetyl derivative of homotaurine, was approved by the FDA in 2004 to treat alcohol dependence.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Homotaurine at Sigma-Aldrich
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Caltagirone C et al. The potential protective effect of tramiprosate (homotaurine) against Alzheimer's disease: a review. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2012 Dec;24(6):580-7. PMID 22961121
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Oja SS and Kontro P. Taurine. Chapter 18 in Metabolism in the Nervous System, Ed. Lajtha ANS. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013. ISBN 9781468443677. Page 520
  6. ↑ Armen H. Tashjian and Ehrin J. Armstrong. Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy. Edited by David E. Golan. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011 ISBN 9781451118056. Page 308
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.


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