List of victims and survivors of Auschwitz
This is the fragmentary list of all of the victims and survivors of Auschwitz concentration camp. This list represents only a sample portion of the 1.1 million victims and some survivors of the Auschwitz death camp and is not intended to be viewed as a representative count by any means.
Victims
The following victims who were male are signified by the Pale Turquoise background. The female victims are marked by the Light Pink background.
Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Age | Ethnicity | Notability | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hugo Sichel | 28 Sep 1884 | 1944 | 59 | German Jew | ||
Estella Agsteribbe[1] | April 6, 1909 | September 17, 1943 | 34 | Jewish | Gymnast. Member of the Gold medal winning Dutch gymnastics team at the 1928 Summer Olympics. | |
Heinz Alt[2] | 1922 | January 6, 1945 | 22 or 23 | Jewish | Composer. Deported from Theresienstadt concentration camp to the camp on September 28, 1944. | |
Jan Ančerl | late 1942 or 1943 | c. October 15, 1944 | 2 | Jewish | Son of Karel Ančerl and Valy Ančerl. Born while parents were in Theresienstadt concentration camp. | |
Valy Ančerl | c. October 15, 1944 | Jewish | Wife of Karel Ančerl. | |||
Count Andreas Pius Cyrill of Zoltowski-Romanus Andreas Pius | 1881 or 1882 | September 4, 1941 | 59 | Polish | Noble | |
Norbert Barlicki | June 6, 1880 | September 27, 1941 | 61 | Polish | Lawyer, Publicist, Politician | |
Count Bernard of Łubieński | February 23, 1894 | October 10, 1941 | 47 | Polish | Noble. Was a member of the Polish Ministry of Commerce and Industrial Affairs before war broke out. Belonged to the first group of people to organise the underground fight. | |
René Blum[3] | March 13, 1878 | April 30, 1943 | 65 | Jewish | Choreographer, founder of the Ballet de l'Opéra; brother of Léon Blum. Transferred to the camp on September 23, 1942. | |
Hana Brady[4] | May 16, 1931 | October 23, 1944 | 13 | Jewish | Arrived at the camp on October 23, 1944, and was gassed immediately. | |
Rudolf Brumlik | May 14, 1944 | Czech | Businessman from Prague | |||
Rosette Wolczak | March 19, 1928 | November 23, 1943 | French Jew | Deported from Switzerland for "immorality" | ||
Bronisław Czech | July 25, 1908 | June 4, 1944 | 35 | Polish | Skier – 24 times Polish champion, and participant of Winter Olympics of 1928, 1932 and 1936; soldier of Armia Krajowa | |
Lea Deutsch[5][6] | March 18, 1927 | May 1943 | 16 | Jewish | Child actress. Born Jewish, converted to Roman Catholicism with her family on June 1941 as an attempt by her father to save the family from certain death, but still considered Jewish by Nazi racial laws. Died in the cattle wagon routed to Auschwitz. | |
Hertha Feiner[7][8] | March 12, 1943 | Jewish | Among last Jewish employees to leave Berlin. Put on train to Auschwitz on March 12, 1943; poisoned herself in transit. | |||
Benjamin Fondane[9] | November 14, 1898 | October 2, 1944 | 45 | Jewish | Poet, critic, existentialist philosopher and author | |
Lina Fondane | Jewish | Sister of Benjamin Fondane. | ||||
Miroslav Šalom Freiberger[10][11] | 1903 or 1904 | c. May 3, 1943 | 39 or 40 | Jewish | Head Rabbi of Jewish Municipality of Zagreb, catechist, translator, writer and spiritual leader, educated in law and theology science. On last transport of Jews from Croatia. Killed at camp entrance when he protested against the inhumane procedure that was implemented against the members of his community. | |
Kurt Gerron | May 11, 1897 | November 15, 1944 | 47 | Jewish | Actor and film director; was either persuaded or coerced[12] by the Nazis to make a propaganda film showing how humane the conditions were at Theresienstadt concentration camp. After filming finished, he was deported on the final transport ever to Auschwitz, on November 15, 1944, and was gassed immediately. | |
Dora Gerson[13] | March 23, 1899 | February 14, 1943 | 43 | Jewish | cabaret singer and silent-film actress. | |
Petr Ginz | February 1, 1928 | September 28, 1944 | 16 | Jewish | Writer. Esperantist. | |
Ala Gertner[14][15] | March 12, 1912 | January 5, 1945 | 32 | Jewish | Smuggled gunpowder into the camp to help the Sonderkommando blow up Crematorium IV during an October 7, 1944 revolt. Tortured and eventually executed by hanging along with her three conspirators, the last public hanging at Auschwitz. | |
Roza Robota[14][16] | 1921 | January 5, 1945 | 23 | Jewish | Smuggled gunpowder into the camp to help the Sonderkommando blow up Crematorium IV during an October 7, 1944 revolt. Tortured and eventually executed by hanging along with her three conspirators, the last public hanging at Auschwitz. | |
Regina Safirsztajn[14][16] | January 5, 1945 | Smuggled gunpowder into the camp to help the Sonderkommando blow up Crematorium IV during an October 7, 1944 revolt. Tortured and eventually executed by hanging along with her three conspirators, the last public hanging at Auschwitz. | ||||
Pavel Haas[17] | June 21, 1899 | October 17, 1944 | 45 | Jewish | composer. After arrival at the camp, Josef Mengele was about to send Karel Ančerl to the gas chamber, but weakened Haas, who stood next to him, began to cough and the death sentence was therefore chosen for him instead. | |
Ivana Hirschmann[18][19] | May 5, 1866 | May 8, 1943 | 77 | Jewish | Croatian first female professor of gymnastics | |
Hans Krása | November 30, 1899 | October 17, 1944 | 44 | Jewish | composer; helped to organize cultural life in Theresienstadt concentration camp. | |
Viktor Ullmann | January 1, 1898 | October 18, 1944 | 46 | Jewish | Composer, conductor, pianist, teacher, music critic, active in Prague. Deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp on September 8, 1942, where he helped to organize cultural life. Transferred to Auschwitz on October 16, 1944. | |
Rafael Schächter | May 25, 1905 | January 1945 | 39 | Jewish | Composer, pianist and conductor. Helped to organize cultural life in Theresienstadt concentration camp. Died on the death march. | |
Etty Hillesum | January 15, 1914 | November 30, 1943 | 29 | Jewish | diarist and writer | |
Lilli Jahn | March 5, 1900 | c. June 19, 1944 | 44 | Jewish | doctor who gained international fame posthumously following the publication of her letters to her five children which she wrote during her imprisonment in the labor camp Breitenau | |
Paul-Emile Janson | May 30, 1872 | March 3, 1944 | 71 | Belgian | 30th Prime Minister of Belgium in 1937–1938 | |
Regina Jonas | August 3, 1902 | December 12, 1944 | 42 | Jewish | first ordained female rabbi in Germany, rabbi at Neue Synagoge in Berlin, killed two months after entering the camp. | |
Itzhak Katzenelson | July 1, 1886 | May 1, 1944 | 57 | Jewish | teacher, poet, dramatist; his son Zvi Katzenelson was on the same transport and was killed the same day as Itzhak. | |
Peter Kien | January 1, 1919 | c. October 16, 1944 | 25 | Jewish | artist, poet and librettist active in Theresienstadt concentration camp (Terezin), died from infectious disease soon after arrival to Auschwitz on October 16. Wife and parents were on same transport and were killed. | |
Bereck Kofman | October 10, 1900 | 1943 | 42 | Jewish | Hasidic orthodox rabbi, deported to Auschwitz from Drancy internment camp on Convoy No. 12 on July 29, 1942. According to survivor, he was at the camp for one year before his murder by a Kapo on a Shabbat because he refused to work. He was beaten up with a pickax and buried alive. Father of French philosopher Sarah Kofman.[20] | |
Saint Maximilian Kolbe | January 8, 1894 | August 14, 1941 | 47 | Polish | Saint. Conventual Franciscan friar who volunteered to die in place of Polish Army Sergeant Franciszek Gajowniczek, who was a stranger to him. | |
Gertrud Kolmar | December 10, 1894 | March 1943 | 48 | Jewish | Writer used the Pen name of Gertrud Kolmar {born Gertrud Käthe Chodziesner} | |
Egon Kunerwalder[21] | First husband of Stephanie Helbrun (married 1942). Deported to the camp with his wife in December 1943. Threw himself on the electric wire surrounding the camp in 1944. | |||||
Rutka Laskier | 1929 | 1943 | 14 | Jewish | teenager who wrote a diary. Her writings were posthumously published. Dubbed the "Polish Anne Frank". | |
Henri Lévy | June 7, 1883 | August 13, 1942 | 59 | Jewish | rabbi. He was deported on Convoy No. 8 to the camp on July 20, 1942. | |
Rudolf Levy | 1875 | 1944 | 69 | Jewish | Painter and student of Henri Matisse | |
Count Mauritz of Potocki | 1942 | Polish | noble | |||
Donat Makijonek | May 19, 1890 | Unknown date after arrival in Auschwitz 24 May 1941[22] | 51 | Polish | World War I ace; KZ Number # 16301 | |
Bernard Natan | July 14, 1886 | October 1942 | 56 | Jewish | film director and actor and former head of Pathé Film Studios. Arrived at the camp on September 25, 1942 and was killed several weeks later. | |
Irène Némirovsky[23][24] | February 11, 1903 | August 17, 1942 | 39 | Jewish | novelist. She was classified as a Jew under the Nazi racial laws, which did not take into account her conversion to Roman Catholicism.[23][24] | |
Michel Epstein[25] | November 6, 1942 | Husband of Irène Némirovsky. Arrived on November 6, 1942, and was gassed immediately. | ||||
Józef Noji | September 8, 1909 | February 15, 1943 | 33 | Polish | track and field athlete and participant of the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Murdered by the camp's SS guard, allegedly for trying to smuggle a letter. | |
Felix Nussbaum | December 11, 1904 | August 2, 1944 | 39 | Jewish | painter (surrealist). Entire family was eventually killed at the camp at different times, with the exception of one brother, who died from exhaustion at Stutthof in December 1944. | |
Karl Pärsimägi | May 11, 1902 | July 27, 1942 | 39 | Estonian | painter (Fauvist). Unknown circumstances as to why he was sent to Auschwitz. It may have been his sexuality, or possibly because he was aiding the Resistance, or helping hide Jewish friends.[26] | |
Saint Grigol Peradze | September 13, 1899 | December 6, 1942 | 43 | Georgian | Saint. Priest, ecclesiastic figure, theologian, historian, Archimandrite, PhD of History, professor. | |
Roman Rybarski | July 3, 1887 | March 6, 1942 | 54 | Polish | economist, historian and politician connected with the right-wing National Democracy political camp. Executed by shooting for organizing the resistance movement in the camp.[27] | |
Erich Salomon | April 28, 1886 | July 7, 1944 | 58 | Jewish | photographer (news). | |
Malva Schalek | February 18, 1882 | 1944 | 62 | Jewish | painter. Was transported to the camp on May 18, 1944 and was killed soon afterwards. | |
Mommie Schwarz | July 28, 1876 | November 19, 1942 | 66 | Jewish | Painter-killed with his wife Else Berg | |
Otto Selz | February 14, 1881 | August 27, 1943 | 62 | Jewish | psychologist and professor, formulated the first nonassociationist theory of thinking, in 1913.[28][29][30] Was transported to the camp on August 24, 1943.[30] | |
Lavoslav Singer | 1866 | 1942 | 76 | Jewish | known Bjelovar industrialist.[31][32][33] | |
Saint Edith Stein | October 12, 1891 | August 9, 1942 | 50 | German | Saint. Philosopher and nun. Born into a Jewish family, considered a "Catholic Jew" (of Jewish heritage, but baptized and practiced Catholicism, considered Jewish by Nazi racial laws).[34] | |
Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski[35] | February 27, 1877 | August 28, 1944 | 67 | Jewish | Nazi-appointed head of the Judenrat while he lived in the Łódź Ghetto in Poland. He was known to abuse his power, such as by molesting young Jewish women within the ghetto.[35] Family was also killed at the camp. | |
Carlo Taube[36] | July 4, 1897 | October 1, 1944 | 47 | Jewish | Composer, conductor and pianist. From Galicia, active in Prague. Taube, his wife Erika and their child were deported from Prague to Theresienstadt concentration camp on December 10, 1941. They were deported to Auschwitz on October 1, 1944, where all three were killed immediately.[36] | |
Erika Taube[36] | October 1, 1944 | Jewish | Wife of Carlo Taube. | |||
Tadeusz Tański[37] | March 11, 1892 | March 23, 1941 | 49 | Polish | Automobile engineer and the designer of the first Polish serially-built automobile, the CWS T-1. Arrested on July 3, 1940, and sent to the camp. | |
Maurice Perl[38] | Jewish | Father of Gisella Perl. Brought his prayer book into the gas chamber. | ||||
Barend Dresden[39] | November 30, 1944 | Jewish | Husband of Anna Dresden-Polak and father of Eva Dresden, both of whom were killed at Sobibor on July 23, 1943. | |||
Estusia Wajcblum[14][16] | January 5, 1945 | Smuggled gunpowder into the camp to help the Sonderkommando blow up Crematorium IV during an October 7, 1944 revolt. Tortured and eventually executed by hanging along with her three conspirators, the last public hanging at Auschwitz. | ||||
Froukje Esther Waterman-Hollander[40] | October 25, 1915 | February 28, 1943 | 27 | Jewish | Daughter of Han Hollander and Leentje Hollander-Smeer, both of whom were killed at Sobibor on July 9, 1943. | |
Prince Ludwik Swiatopelk-Czetwertynski | 1876 or 1877 | May 3, 1941 | 64 | Polish | Noble. | |
Jan Mosdorf | May 30, 1904 | October 11, 1943 | 39 | Polish | Right-wing politician, director of the nationalist organization All-Polish Youth and member of political party National Radical Camp. Killed for helping Jews in the camp. | |
Árpád Weisz | April 16, 1896 | January 31, 1944 | 47 | Jewish | Football (soccer) player and manager. | |
Sarah Wiesel | May 1944 | Jewish | Mother of Elie Wiesel. Gassed immediately. | |||
Tzipora Wiesel | May 1944 | Jewish | Younger sister of Elie Wiesel. Gassed immediately. | |||
Mala Zimetbaum[41] | January 26, 1922 | September 15, 1944 | 22 | Jewish | Deported to the camp on Transport #10 on September 15, 1942. Inmate #19880. Her proficiency in several languages allowed her to work as an interpreter in the camp. Publicly executed at the camp after an escape attempt, with her lover, Edward Galiński. | |
Edward Galiński[42] | May 10, 1923 | September 15, 1944 | 21 | Polish | Publicly executed at the camp after an escape attempt, with his lover, Mala Zimetbaum. |
- Eddy Hamel, American soccer right winger (AFC Ajax; killed in Auschwitz)[43]
Survivors
Name | # | Born | Died | Age | Ethnicity | Imprisoned | Notability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jozek Rozenberg | 137404 | November 6, 1916 | July 27, 1994 | 77 years | Jewish | 1942
–April 1945 |
He and his wife had one son, Moniush Rozenberg, born in 1939 or 1940. They were hiding in the woods and in attics, making homemade candy to sell on the black market, until 1942 when they were captured. They used to use sugar cubes to give to the baby to keep him quiet in hiding. The gestapo took their 2 year old son and put him in a wagon headed for Auschwitz, never to be seen again. He and his wife Gitla were separated. He was sent to Reichsautobahn Lager Pommern until he was sent to Auschwitz August 21, 1943. He survived by stealing an extra potato a day and cooking it on the oven where he loaded coal. On January 18, 1945, he was sent on a death march from Auschwitz to Wodzislaw where he was transferred via train to Buchenwald concentration camp January 22, 1945. He was assigned to the "Little Camp". Then, transferred again on January 30, 1945 to Berga concentration camp code name Schwalbe V where he was eventually liberated by American soldiers. He found his wife, Gitla Rozenberg née Rusinek who also survived the camps, when he returned to Poland. |
Helen Lewis | June 22, 1916 | December 31, 2009 | 93 years | Jewish | May 1944
–1944 |
Dancer who trained in Prague. Left Auschwitz on a forced march to Stutthof concentration camp in January 1945. Emigrated in 1947 to Belfast, where she worked as a dance teacher and choreographer. Her autobiography, A Time to Speak, was published in 1992.[44] | |
Anna Eilenberg-Eibeshitz | November 5, 1923 | 100 | Jewish |
– |
Published Author on:
Breaking My Silence; Sisters of the Storm; Preserved Evidence, Ghetto Lodz; My Son... My Son... A Chronicle; Remember!: A Collection of Testimonies; Mirka Among Strangers; Ruthka: A Diary of War; Women in the Holocaust |
||
Władysław Bartoszewski | 4427 | February 19, 1922 | April 24, 2015 | 93 | Polish | September 22, 1940
–April 8, 1941 |
Member of Armia Krajowa. Released from camp due to actions by Polish Red Cross. Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland (twice) after 1989. |
Tadeusz Borowski | November 12, 1922 | July 1, 1951 | 28 | Polish | 1943–late 1944 | writer. Transferred to Natzweiler-Struthof, then to Dachau concentration camp; committed suicide after the war. | |
George Brady | February 9, 1928 | alive | 96 | Jewish | October 23, 1944
–January 18, 1945 |
Plumber. Sent on the death march; escaped when a Soviet tank blew a hole in the building he was in. His mother, father and sister Hana were gassed at the camp. | |
Boris Braun[45][46][47] | February 9, 1928 | alive | 104 | Jewish | University professor. His mother and father were killed during the Holocaust. | ||
Yehuda Bacon | July 28, 1929 | alive | 95 | Jewish | December 1943
–January 18, 1945 |
Artist. Sent on the death march. His father was gassed in June 1944; his mother and his sister Hanna were deported to Stutthof concentration camp, where they died a few weeks before its liberation. | |
Dario Gabbai[48] | Jewish | April 1944
–January 27, 1945 |
Member of Sonderkommando. Family was killed at the camp. | ||||
Jerzy Bielecki[48] | Polish | Political prisoner. Suffered hanging torture (arms hung behind back). | |||||
Józef Paczyński[48] | Polish | Political prisoner. About every 1 1/2 weeks, he was ordered to cut the hair of the camp's commanding officer, Rudolf Höss. Personally witnessed gassings from nearby.[35] | |||||
Kazimierz Piechowski[48] | 918 | October 3, 1919 | alive | 104 | Polish | June 20, 1940
–June 20, 1942 |
Imprisoned because the boy scouts were labeled a criminal organization. From Rajkowy. Deported to camp on second transport from Tarnów. On June 20, 1942, he escaped from Auschwitz I along with 3 other prisoners, dressed as members of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, fully armed. They stole an SS staff car from the motor pool, a Steyr 220 belonging to Rudolf Höss, and drove out the main gate. The escape was facilitated by Piechowski's fluent command of German. As they drove toward the gate he told the guards to hurry up and open it. None of the four were recaptured.[49][50] |
Stanisław Gustaw Jaster[50] | 6438 | 1921 | Polish | June 20, 1942 | Veteran of Invasion of Poland in rank of first lieutenant, from Warsaw. On June 20, 1942, he escaped from Auschwitz I along with 3 other prisoners, dressed as members of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, fully armed. They stole an SS staff car from the motor pool, a Steyr 220 belonging to Rudolf Höss, and drove out the main gate.[49][50] | ||
Józef Lempart[50] | 3199 | 1916 | Polish | June 20, 1942 | Priest, from Wadowice. On June 20, 1942, he escaped from Auschwitz I along with 3 other prisoners, dressed as members of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, fully armed. They stole an SS staff car from the motor pool, a Steyr 220 belonging to Rudolf Höss, and drove out the main gate.[49][50] | ||
Eugeniusz Bendera[50] | 8502 | 1906 | Ukrainian | June 20, 1942 | Auto mechanic, from Chortkiv. On June 20, 1942, he escaped from Auschwitz I along with 3 other prisoners, dressed as members of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, fully armed. They stole an SS staff car from the motor pool, a Steyr 220 belonging to Rudolf Höss, and drove out the main gate.[49][50] | ||
Kazimierz Smoleń[48] | Polish | Political prisoner. | |||||
August Kowalczyk[48] | Polish | Political prisoner. | |||||
Pavel Stenkin[35] | Russian | Prisoner of war. | |||||
Józef Mikusz[35] | Polish | Political prisoner. | |||||
Silvia Veselá[35] | Jewish | 1942 | Deported from holding camp near Bratislava. | ||||
Eva Votavová[35] | Jewish | July 1942 | |||||
Otto Pressburger[35] | Jewish | From Trnava. Forced to dig mass graves and exhume corpses. His mother and father were killed at the camp. | |||||
Libuša Breder[51] | Jewish | Worked in the "Canada" sector of the camp. Witnessed rapes of women by the camp's officers. | |||||
Helena Citrónová[51] | Jewish | Worked in the "Canada" sector of the camp. An SS officer, Franz Wunch, fell in love with her. As a result, Wunch would later save Helena's sister from the gas chambers, although her sister's son and daughter could not be saved. | |||||
Tadeusz Rybacki[51] | Polish | Political prisoner. Served as a waiter at the SS canteen in the camp. | |||||
Vera Alexander[51] | Jewish | Witnessed crimes committed by Irma Grese. | |||||
Eva Mozes Kor[51][52] | 87063 | January 30, 1934 | alive | 90 | Jewish | 1944
–January 27, 1945 |
One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Both of her parents and two older sisters were killed at the camp; only Miriam and herself survived. Founder of CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center. |
Miriam Mozes[52] | 87064 | January 30, 1934 | June 6, 1993 | 59 | Jewish | 1944
–January 27, 1945 |
Eva's twin sister. One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Mengele injected Miriam with a chemical that stopped the growth of her kidneys; later, Eva donated one of her kidneys. |
Jona Laks[52] | One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. | ||||||
Vera Kriegel[52] | One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. | ||||||
Pearl Pufeles[52] | One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. | ||||||
Helen Rappaport[52] | One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. | ||||||
Ephraim Reichenberg[52] | Jewish | One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. | |||||
Gyuri Frankfurter[53] | Jewish | One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. From Berettyóújfalu. Emigrated to United States in 1947, name changed to "George". | |||||
Laci Frankfurter[53] | Jewish | One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. From Berettyóújfalu. Emigrated to United States in 1947, name changed to "Leslie". | |||||
Peter Greenfeld[54] | A-2459 | 1940 | Jewish | 1944
–January 27, 1945 |
One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Known at the camp as "Josef "Peipchek" Klineman". Born in Prague. | ||
Martha Klineman[54] | A-4931 | 1940 | Jewish | 1944
–January 27, 1945 |
Peter's twin. One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Prague. | ||
Lipot Salomon[55] | A-5723 | 1923 or 1924 | April 19, 1965 | 40 years | Jewish | May 28, 1944
–January 1945 |
One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Turţ. First deported to Vynohradiv ghetto on April 14, 1944. |
Dezo Salomon[55] | A-5724 | 1923 or 1924 | April 22, 1996 | 71 years | Jewish | May 28, 1944
–January 1945 |
One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Turţ. First deported to Vynohradiv ghetto on April 14, 1944. |
Peter Somogyi[56] | A-17454 | April 14, 1933 | Jewish | July 9, 1944
–January 27, 1945 |
One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. From Pécs. Their mother and older sister (14 years) were gassed at Auschwitz at arrival. | ||
Thomas Somogyi[56] | A-17455 | April 14, 1933 | Jewish | July 9, 1944
–January 27, 1945 |
One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. From Pécs. | ||
Stephanie Helbrun[21] | February 4, 1924 | Jewish | December 1943
–January 18, 1945 |
One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Subotica, lived in Prague until 1939. Escaped on the death march. Their parents and sister were killed in various camps. | |||
Annetta Helbrun[21] | February 4, 1924 | Jewish | December 1943
–January 18, 1945 |
One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Subotica, lived in Prague until 1939. Escaped on the death march. | |||
George Able[21] | Met Annetta Helbrun when both were assigned to a commando loading corpses. Later married Annetta in 1948. | ||||||
Zvi Ernst Spiegel[56] | 1913 or 1914 | January 27, 1945 | Assigned to supervise twins used in the medical experiments of Josef Mengele. Saved children from the gas chamber on several occasions. After the camp's liberation, he took 157 Mengele twins and homeless children to safety in Hungary. 29 years old in 1944. | ||||
Miklós Nyiszli[51] | June 17, 1901 | May 5, 1956 | 54 | Jewish | June 1944
–January 18, 1945 |
Prisoner, and doctor (pathologist) who served Josef Mengele. Sent on the death march. | |
Ryszard Dacko[51] | Polish | Political prisoner. | |||||
Stanislaw Hantz[57] | Polish | Political prisoner. | |||||
Eliezer Einsenschmidt[57] | Jewish | ||||||
Alice Lok Cahana[57] | 1929 | alive | 81 or 82 | Jewish | 1944 | Deported from Sárvár. | |
Morris Venezia[57] | Jewish | April 1944 | Part of the Sonderkommando. | ||||
Franz Rosenbach[57] | Gypsy | Survived because he was transferred to another camp. His mother was killed at the camp. | |||||
Władysław Szmyt[57] | Polish | Political prisoner. | |||||
Henryk Mandelbaum[57] | 181970 | December 15, 1922 | June 17, 2008 | 85 | Jewish | April 22, 1944
–January 18, 1945 |
Part of Sonderkommando. Fled on a death march. |
Ibi Mann[57] | Jewish | ||||||
Lucille Eichengreen[35] | February 1, 1925 | alive | 99 | Jewish | August 1944
–October 1944 |
From Hamburg. Deported to Łódź Ghetto on October 26, 1941, where she was molested by Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski and remained for four years until deported to Auschwitz. Transferred to Neuengamme concentration camp. | |
Witold Pilecki | 4859 | May 13, 1901 | May 25, 1948 | 47 | Polish | September 22, 1940
–April 26, 1943 |
Soldier and secret agent ("Tomasz Serafiński"). He volunteered to be imprisoned at Auschwitz (the only person known to do so) for a Polish resistance operation in order to gather intelligence and escape. As the author of the Witold's report, the first intelligence report on Auschwitz, his operation enabled the Polish government-in-exile to convince the Allies that the Holocaust was taking place. Later executed by Polish communists. |
Elie Wiesel[57] | A-7713 | September 30, 1928 | alive | 95 | Jewish | May 17, 1944
–January 1945 |
Writer, professor, political activist, Nobel Peace Prize winner (1986). His mother and younger sister are gassed immediately. Transferred to Buchenwald concentration camp, where Wiesel's father, Shlomo, was beaten[58] and killed.[59] Two older sisters, Hilda and Beatrice, survive. |
Renée Firestone[60] | Jewish | Her sister was killed at the camp during medical experiments. | |||||
Samuel Pisar[61][62] | March 18, 1929 | July 27, 2015 | 95 | Jewish | Lawyer, writer. His parents and younger sister Frieda were killed during the war. Transferred to Dachau concentration camp. Escaped during a death march.[61] | ||
Karel Ančerl[63] | April 11, 1908 | July 3, 1973 | 65 | Jewish | October 15, 1944 | Conductor. Josef Mengele was about to send Ančerl to the gas chamber, but a weakened Pavel Haas, who stood next to him, began to cough and the death sentence was therefore chosen for him instead. Helped to organize cultural life in Theresienstadt concentration camp. | |
Gisella Perl[38][64] | 1907 | 1988 | 80 or 81 years | Jewish | 1944 | Gynecologist. Forced to be an inmate doctor. Saved the lives of hundreds of pregnant women by aborting their pregnancies (pregnant women were often killed for experiments by Josef Mengele). | |
Rudolf Vrba[65] | 44070 | September 11, 1924 | March 27, 2006 | 81 | Jewish | January 15, 1943
–April 7, 1944 |
Scientist. Escaped from the camp. Co-author of the Vrba-Wetzler report, delivered to the Allies, which saved the lives of an estimated 120 to 200 thousand Jews. Testified against Adolf Eichmann at Eichmann's trial. |
Eugeniusz Hejka | 608 | October 16, 1918 | 2009 | 90 | Polish | June 14, 1940
–November 1940 |
Polish-Catholic soldier punished as an eleventh for escape of Tadeusz Wiejowski, survived. |
Alfréd Wetzler[65] | 29162 | May 10, 1918 | February 8, 1988 | 69 | Jewish | 1942
–April 7, 1944 |
Escaped from the camp. Co-author of the Vrba-Wetzler report, delivered to the Allies, which saved the lives of an estimated 120 to 200 thousand Jews. |
Alex Dekel[66] | Served under Josef Mengele as his subject, witnessing many of Mengele's human medical experiments. | ||||||
Wieslaw Kielar | August 12, 1912 | June 1, 1990 | Polish (non-Jewish)[67] | Author of the autobiographical novel Anus Mundi: 5 Years in Auschwitz |
- Lowy Adolf - Lang Andras, from Hungary (Miskolc)
- Ted Banwell, British soldier and member of Dutch Resistance
- Leo Bretholz, Austrian Jew who escaped from train en route; author of Leap into Darkness.
- Eva Brewster, German-Jewish (born in Berlin), Author of Vanished in Darkness – An Auschwitz Memoir, survived.
- Thomas Buergenthal Czechoslovak Jew, human rights champion, former judge of the International Court of Justice, author of A Lucky Child, interned at Auschwitz-Birkenau, Sachsenhausen, survived.
- Józef Cyrankiewicz, later Prime Minister of Poland and Chairman of the Polish Council of State
- Yehiel De-Nur, Polish-Jewish writer, in Auschwitz for two years, survived, died July 17, 2001.
- Robert Desnos, French poet. Died of typhoid after the camp's liberation.
- Lowy Dezso, from Hungary (Miskolc) - Jewish accountant
- Laure Diebold, French resistant, Compagnon de la Libération
- Xawery Dunikowski, Polish sculptor and artist, best known for his Neo-Romantic sculptures and Auschwitz-inspired art. Survived.
- Anna Eilenberg-Eibeshitz, Polish-Jewish writer, Auschwitz, survived.
- Kurt Epstein, Czechoslovak Jewish Olympic water polo competitor
- Anne Frank, teenage diarist from Amsterdam, held 7 weeks at Auschwitz, transferred to Bergen-Belsen where she died of Typhus.
- Hans Frankenthal, German-Jewish author, survived.
- Viktor Frankl, Austrian-Jewish neurologist and psychiatrist, survived.
- Franciszek Gajowniczek, Polish Army Sergeant whose life was spared when Maximilian Kolbe took his place. Survived and died in 1995.
- Józef Garliński, Polish best selling writer who wrote numerous books in both English and Polish on Auschwitz and World War II, including the best selling 'Fighting Auschwitz'. Survived and died in 2005.
- Leon Greenman, British anti-fascism campaigner. Survived and died in 2008.
- Perry Broad, Brazilian non-commissioned officer SS-Unterscharführer, active at Auschwitz from April 1942 - 1945.
- Nicholas (Miklós) Hammer, Hungarian born Jew, who was placed in Auschwitz I block 6 and worked in the Kanada I section. Subject of the biography Sacred Games by Gerald Jacobs. Unusual as he was in labour, concentration and death camps before being liberated.
- Magda Herzberger, Romanian-Jewish author and poet, survived.
- Ruth Huppert Elias, Czechoslovak-Jewish (from Ostrava), Author of Triumph of Hope - From Theresienstadt and Auschwitz to Israel, survived.
- Stefan Jaracz, Polish actor and theater director who survived camp but died of Tuberculosis in 1945.
- Isabella Katz Leitner Hungarian-Jewish (from Kisvárda), author of Isabella – From Auschwitz to Freedom, survived.
- Imre Kertesz, Hungarian writer, Nobel Laureate in Literature for 2002.
- Stanisław Kętrzyński, Polish historian and diplomat
- Gertrude "Traute" Kleinová, Czechoslovak Jewess, 3-time table tennis world champion
- Antoni Kocjan, Polish glider constructor and a contributor to the intelligence services of the Polish Home Army. Murdered by Gestapo in 1944.
- Abram Korn, Polish-Jewish (from Lipno), author of Abe's Story: A Holocaust Memoir, survived.
- Rena Kornreich Gelissen, Polish-Jewish (born in Tyliczi), author of Rena’s Promise - A Story of Sisters in Auschwitz, survived.
- Zofia Kossak-Szczucka, Polish writer and World War II resistance fighter, co-founder the wartime Polish organization Żegota. Released through the efforts of the Polish underground.
- Henri Landwirth, Belgian philanthropist and founder of Give Kids the World (survived).
- Joel Lebowitz, Mathematical Physicist. Survived. Honors include the Boltzmann Medal, Henri Poincaré Prize, and Max Planck Medal.
- Olga Lengyel, Hungarian-Jewish author of Five Chimneys, survived.
- Stepan Lenkavsky, Ukrainian nationalist ideologist
- Primo Levi, Italian-Jewish chemist and author, survived.
- Curt Lowens, German-Jewish actor and resistant, survived.
- Arnošt Lustig, Czechoslovak and later Czech Jewish writer and novelist, the Holocaust is his lifelong theme, survived.
- Branko Lustig, Croatian-American film producer.[68]
- Filip Müller, Inmate# 29236; Survivor and author of "Eyewitness Auschwitz – Three Years in the Gas Chambers" 1979
- Alfred "Artem" Nakache, French swimmer, world record (200-m breaststroke), one-third of French 2x world record (3x100 relay team); imprisoned in Auschwitz, where his wife and daughter were killed
- Igor Newerly – Polish novelist and educator.
- Henry Oertelt, German-Jewish author of An Unbroken Chain incarcerated at Theresienstadt, Auschwitz-Birkenau, Golleschau and Flossenburg, survived.
- Bernard Offen, Polish documentary filmmaker working in Poland and the United States to create Second Generation Witnesses.
- Harry Osers (born 1929) Czech engineer, currently living in Caracas, Venezuela.
- Ignacy Oziewicz, Polish army officer, first commandant of Narodowe Sily Zbrojne
- Lev Rebet, Ukrainian nationalist ideologist.
- Bernat Rosner Hungarian-Jewish lawyer, co-author of An uncommon friendship. Survived.
- Mira Ryczke Kimmelman German-Jewish (from Danzig), author of Echoes from the Holocaust – a Memoir, survived.
- Lowy Sandor, from Hungary (Miskolc) – Jewish lawyer
- Vladek and Anja Spiegelman, parents of Art Spiegelman, author of Maus. Vladek Spiegelmann was the central character in Maus.
- Józef Szajna Polish scenery designer, stage director, playwright, theoretician of the theatre, painter and graphic artist.
- Leon Schiller, Polish theater and film director, critic and theoretician. He was also a composer and wrote theater and radio screenplays.
- Sigmund Sobolewski, known as "Prisoner 88". Was in Auschwitz from June 14, 1940 to November 7, 1944. Non-Jewish prisoner number 88, immortalized in the book "Prisoner 88: The Man in Stripes."
- Paul Steinberg German-Jewish (born in Berlin), author of Speak You Also - A Survivor’s Reckoning, survived.
- Hedi Szmuk Fried, Hungarian-Jewish (from Sighet), author of The Road to Auschwitz – Fragments of a Life, survived.
- Rebbe Menachem Mendel Taub of Kaliv
- Jack Tramiel, (1928-2012). Polish-born businessman, founder of Commodore International. Rescued by the U.S. Army in April 1945.
- Rose Van Thyn (1921–2010), Auschwitz and Ravensbrueck survivor who directed Holocaust education activities in her adopted city of Shreveport, Louisiana
- Simone Veil, née Simone Annie Jacob (July 13, 1927–), French politician, survived.
- Shlomo Venezia Greek-Jewish (born in Thessaloniki), author of Inside the Gas Chambers – Eight Months in the Sonderkommando of Auschwitz, survived.
- Rose Warfman (née Gluck), a French nurse, member of the French Resistance
- Stanislaw Wygodzki, Polish-Jewish author, survived.
- Strasser Julianna Zsuzsanna – Lang Andrasne, from Hungary (Paks)
- Dorfsman Ita Hanna – Lodz, from Poland
- Rosette Wolczak French Jew, age 15, gassed on day of arrival
See also
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Jascha Nemtsov, Silvio Daus, Beate Schroder-Nauenburg: "Musik im Inferno des Nazi-Terrors: Judische Komponisten im "Dritten Reich", en: Acta Musicologica, Vol. 70, Fasc. 1 (enero-junio de 1998), pp. 22–44
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Snješka Knežević (2011, p. 110)
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Friedländer, Saul. The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945 (2007). Page 426.
- ↑ Feiner, Hertha. Before Deportation: Letters from a Mother to Her Daughters, January 1939 – December 1942, ed. Karl Heinz Jahnke (Evanston, IL 1999), pp. 27–28.
- ↑ Daniel, Paul. "Destinul unui poet" and "Tabla ilustraţiilor". p.638
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Film review of "The Führer Gives a City to the Jews at The Bootleg Files Archived September 30, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Heilman, Anna, Sheldon Schwartz (ed.). Never Far Away: The Auschwitz Chronicles of Anna Heilman, Calgary, AB: University of Calgary Press, 2001. ISBN 978-1-55238-040-6 p. 143
- ↑ Yahil, Leni (1987). The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945, p. 486. Oxford University Press.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Yahil, Leni (1987). The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945, p. 486. Oxford University Press.
- ↑ Matějková, J. Hugo Haas. Život je pes Prague: Nakladatelství XYZ, 2005. ISBN 978-80-86864-18-1, page 137
- ↑ Snješka Knežević (2011, p. 31)
- ↑ (Croatian) Milka Babović: Učiteljica tjelovježbe Ivana Hirschmann; Zagreb, moj grad; November 2007, No. 8; pp. 23–25.
- ↑ Kofman, 1996, p. 9-10.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Auschwitz prisoner database
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Cohen, P. (2010) Assessing Jewish Identity of Author Killed by Nazis, The New York Times, April 25.
- ↑ Suite Française (Vintage Books, New York, 2007, ISBN 978-1-4000-9627-5) Appendix II, translator's note.
- ↑ Kunst: Müstiline Karl Pärsimägi.
- ↑ Wapiński 1980, 259.
- ↑ Otto Selz, German psychologist February 14 in History at www.brainyhistory.com
- ↑ Otto Selz, German psychologist (In Auschwitz), dies August 27 in History at www.brainyhistory.com
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Miodrag Savkovitch (1926, p. 168)
- ↑ (Croatian) Mira Kolar-Dimitrijević: Pretvaranje Bjelovara iz vojničkoga u privredno središte od 1871. do 1910. godine.: stranica 44: Bjelovar: 16 svibanj 2007.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Friedländer, Saul. The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945 (2007). Page 411.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 35.6 35.7 35.8 BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 2, Orders and Initiatives.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lucyna Smolińska, Mieczysław Sroka "Wielcy znani i nieznani" Wydawnictwa Radia i Telewizji, Warsaw 1988.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 Brozan, Nadine. Out of Death, a Zest for Life. New York Times, November 15, 1982
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 48.5 BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 1, Surprising Beginnings.
- ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 Auschwitz chronicle 1939–1945 By Danuta Czech Publisher: I B Tauris & Co Ltd (November 1990) ISBN 978-1-85043-291-3 ISBN 978-1-85043-291-3
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 50.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 51.5 51.6 BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 4, Corruption.
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 52.4 52.5 52.6 Forgiving Dr. Mengele (2006).
- ↑ 53.0 53.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 57.4 57.5 57.6 57.7 57.8 BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 5, Murder and Intrigue.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ see the film "Elie Wiesel Goes Home" by Judit Elek, narrated by William Hurt ISBN 978-1-930545-63-2
- ↑ The Last Days (1998).
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Forgiving Dr. Mengele
- ↑ Matějková, J (2005). Hugo Haas. Život je pes Prague: Nakladatelství XYZ. p. 137. ISBN 978-80-86864-18-1
- ↑ Out of the Ashes (2003).
- ↑ 65.0 65.1 Secrets of the Dead: Escape from Auschwitz (PBS, 2008).
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Bibliography
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