Ningbo dialect

Ningbo dialect
Yong-Jiang
寧波閒話
Pronunciation	ȵiŋ˨˦꜕.poʔ˥꜓.ɦɛ˨˦꜕.ɦuo˨˩˧꜓
Native to	People's Republic of China
Region	Ningbo & Zhoushan, Zhejiang province
Ethnicity	Ningbo people (Han Chinese)
Native speakers	6-7 million (date missing)
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Chinese Wu Taihu Ningbo dialect
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	yong1273

Bible in Ningpo Romanised (Genesis), published by the British and Foreign Bible Society.

The Ningbo dialect or Ningbonese (Chinese: 宁波话/寧波話,宁波闲话/寧波閒話) is a dialect of Wu, one of the subdivisions of Chinese varieties. It is spoken in the city of Ningbo and Zhoushan and surrounding areas in Zhejiang province.

Area

The Ningbo dialect is spoken throughout Ningbo and Zhoushan prefectures.

Intelligibility

Its native speakers generally understand Shanghainese, but not vice versa. It is not at all mutually intelligible with Mandarin, China's official language. Ningbo dialect is considered a Yongjiang dialect or Mingzhou dialect (as both terms are synonymous), and is closely related to the Taihu Wu dialects of Zhoushan. In terms of inter-intelligibility between dialects within the Yong-Jiang subgroup, they can be more accurately described as 'accents' (腔) as these dialects are relatively uniform and almost identical to each other aside from pronunciation differences and some minor lexical differences.

Phonology

Initials

		Labial	Dental/Alveolar	Alveolo-Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m	n	ȵ	ŋ
Plosive	tenuis	p	t		k
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ		kʰ
	voiced	b	d		ɡ
Affricate	tenuis		ts	tɕ
	aspirated		tsʰ	tɕʰ
	voiced		dz	dʑ
Fricative	voiceless	f	s	ɕ		h
	voiced	v	z	ʑ		ɦ
Lateral			l

Finals

Finals of Ningbo dialect

ɿ	ʮ	a	ɔ	o	e	ɛ	ʏ	ø	ɐɪ	əu	œʏ
i		ia		io	ie		iʏ
u		ua		uo		uɛ			uɐɪ
y				yo
ã	ɔ̃	ũ	əŋ		oŋ	ɐʔ	oʔ	iɪʔ			əl
iã			i			iɐʔ					m̩
uã	uɔ̃		uəŋ			uɐʔ					n̩
	yɔ̃		yəŋ		yoŋ		yoʔ	yəʔ			ŋ̍
				ʮøŋ						ʮœʔ

Tones

Tone classification	Tone symbol	Tone number
T1(陰平)	˥˧	53
T2(陽平)	˨˦	24
T3(陰上)	˧˥	35
T5(陰去)	˦˦	44
T46(陽上去)	˨˩˧	213
T7(陰入)	ʔ˥	5
T8(陽入)	ʔ˩˨	12

Examples

唱月亮

月亮菩薩彎彎上，彎到小姑進后堂。

后堂空，拜相公，

相公念經，打一天井，

天井隔笆，打一稻花，

稻花耘田，打一團箕。

火瑩頭

火瑩頭，夜夜紅，

阿公挑擔賣碗蔥，

新婦織麻糊燈籠，

阿婆箝牌捉牙虫，

兒子看鴨撩屙虫。

References

• Ningbo dialect Video on YouTube

• Template:湯珍珠,陳忠敏,吳新賢."寧波方言詞典."江蘇教育出版社.1997.pp.7- 9 Note that [ɿ ʮ ʅ ʯ ] are used to indicate apical vowels.