Nur Misuari

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Nur Misuari
Nur misuari.jpg
Nur Misuari in 2009.
Chairman of the Central Committee of the Moro National Liberation Front[1]
President of the Bangsamoro Republik (Unrecognized)
In office
August 12, 2013 – September 28, 2013
President Fidel Ramos (1992-1998)
Joseph Estrada (1998-2001)
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001-2010)
Preceded by Lininding Pangandaman
Succeeded by Alvarez Isnaji
3rd Governor of Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
In office
1996–2001
Personal details
Born (1939-03-03) March 3, 1939 (age 85)
Tapul, Sulu, Commonwealth of the Philippines
Spouse(s) Desdemona Tan (deceased)
Eleonora Rohaida Tan
Tarhatta
Maimona Palalisan
unidentified Subanen woman
Sherry Rahem
Alma mater University of the Philippines
Religion Sunni Islam

Nur Misuari (Bahasa Sūg: Nūr Miswāri, born Nurallaji Pinang Misuari on March 3, 1939 in Tapul, Sulu, Philippines)[2] is a Moro revolutionary, politician, founder and former leader of the Moro National Liberation Front.

Personal life

Nur Misuari was born in Tapul, Sulu on March 3, 1939.[2][3] The fourth of ten children, his parents were of Tausūg-Sama descent and came from Kabinga-an, Tapul Island. His father was Saliddain Misuari, who worked as a fisherman, and his mother was Dindanghail Pining.[citation needed] Nur Misuari is a direct descendant of Panglima Mahabasser Elidji, a Tausūg warrior and representative from the Sultanate of Sulu whom he claimed to have helping the Sultanate of Brunei forces under Sultan Muhyiddin during their civil war in northern Borneo after which the eastern part of Sabah then been rewarded to the Tausūgs by Sultan Muhyiddin.[4] Misuari's father moved their family from Tapul to Jolo, Sulu during when he was still young. He attended Jolo Central Elementary School from 1949 to 1955 and studied at Sulu National High School for his secondary education from 1955 to 1958.[2] Misuari's family experienced financial difficulties and could not send him to college, on which his teacher assisting him to acquiring a scholarship from the Commission on National Integration,[5] which allowed him to study in the University of the Philippines in Manila.

Misuari initially took up a degree in Liberal Arts, intending to pursue Medicine. Instead, Misuari shifted his course to Political Science in his second semester with the intent of taking up law, despite that his father "hated" lawyers.[2] He became active in many of the university's extra-curricular activities, particularly in debate. After attaining his bachelor's degree in Political Science from the University of the Philippines in 1962, he entered law school but dropped his law studies in his second year after being convinced by his mentor and now national author, Caesar Majul, to pursue a master's degree related to political science. He finished his master's degree in Asian studies in 1964 at the Asian Center of the University of the Philippines.[2][5] In 1964, Misuari founded a radical student group called the Bagong Asya (New Asia). Together with Jose Maria Sison, he also founded the Kabataan Makabayan (Patriotic Youth).[5]

Until 2015, Misuari had sixth wives, which is against the Islamic polygamy law to have only four wives. His first wife was Desdemona Tan, who died of illness in Islamabad, Pakistan.[6] The elder sister of the deceased Desdemona, Rohaida Tan then became his second wife. His third and fourth wives is Tarhatta and Maimona Palalisan. While an unidentified Subanen woman became his fifth wife before Sherry Rahim became his sixth wife.[7]

Political career

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Main articles: Moro National Liberation Front and Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao
Nur Misuari in 2007.

Through Dr. Cesar Adib Majul, Misuari became a lecturer at the University of the Philippines in political science on July 1966 until his retirement as instructor on November 15, 1968.[2][5] In the 1960s, he helped establish the Mindanao Independence Movement which aimed to organize an independent state in southern Philippines. The Mindanao Independence Movement formed the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) that sought political reforms from the Government of the Philippines. Unable to gain reforms, the MNLF engaged in military conflict against the Philippine Government and its supporters between 1972 to 1976 under the leadership of Misuari. The military resistance to the government of former Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos did not produce autonomy for the Moro people. He departed to Saudi Arabia in exile, returning to the Philippines after Marcos was removed from office during the People Power Revolution in 1986. Misuari justified the MNLF armed struggle on the non-implementation of the Tripoli Agreement, originally signed by Ferdinand Marcos and later included and accepted in the peace agreement signed by former Philippine president Fidel Ramos in the 1990s. This agreement established an autonomous region for Moros with Misuari became the governor.[8]

Removal as ARMM governor

Latest picture of Nur Misuari (with friends) on August 10, 2011.

After he was installed as the region's governor in 1996, his rule ended in violence when he led a failed rebellion against the Philippines government in November 2001,[9] thus illegally escaping to Sabah, Malaysia.[10] During his time there, his third wife Tarhatta together with their three children was allowed to visit by the Malaysian government.[11] The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) regional chairman ever suggested the Malaysian government to sent Misuari to Saudi Arabia or Libya to avoid "political persecution" by the Philippine government.[11] However Malaysian leader at the time, Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad resisted by saying; "We cannot entertain asylum as Misuari had not used his powers correctly although we provide support for him in the past for his bid on autonomy that saw the creation of the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)", in which he was then deported back to the Philippines,[11][12][13] and removed from his office by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo in 2001 before been arrested in 2007 on charges of terrorism. On December 20, 2007, he was denied a petition for bail and remained under house arrest in Manila. The Philippine court however, granted the bail petition of Misuari's seven co-accused, at 100,000 pesos.[14] On April 25, 2008, he was allowed to post bail, upon the instructions of the Cabinet security cluster.[15] According to Moro sources, Misuari is a "charismatic leader" who held considerable sway over the indigenous people in Mindanao but lost this backing because of his mismanagement and corruption during his tenure as governor for the ARMM.[16]

Controversy and criticism

As a revenge to the Malaysian government for deporting him back to the Philippines along with his dissatisfaction over Malaysian government support for the MILF on the Comprehensive Agreement on Bangsamoro,[17] he made a controversial statement by stating the Malaysian states of Sarawak and Sabah as part of the Bangsamoro lands between March and July 2013,[18] as well supporting an intrusion by a self-proclaimed Sultan Jamalul Kiram III of a defunct-Sultanate of Sulu as legal.[19] As a consequences, his word has resulting many Moro refugees (who have reside illegally in both states since 1970s to escaping the war in southern Philippines) to suffer in discrimination and been deported back to the Philippines,[20][21] as well making himself been labelled as a "terrorist" by the Malaysian government (which also had been on effect to the Jamalul Kiram III group).[22][23] Misuari also start to accusing the MILF as "a tool been used by the Malaysian government to promoting disunity among the Moro peoples" in which he was then criticised by the MILF for his attitude of "blaming everybody for the failure of his past leadership and growing irrelevance to the Bangsamoro struggle to self-determination".[24] On September 9, 2013, Misuari was blamed for his rebels encounter with the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) which saw massive casualties and thousands of residents been affected.[25] In denying their action, the MNLF stated they were in Zamboanga City only to hold a peaceful rally to assert the implementation of the GRP-MNLF Agreement but they were coerced by the AFP that compelled them to defend their own lives.[26] The AFP and the Philippine government portrayed the MNLF as terrorist as they were causing chaos in the city and using civilians as a human shield.[27][28][29] The conflict lasted until September 28, 2013 with more than 50,000 families, comprising 118,000 people (which 23,000 of them are children) lost their homes and many other properties.[26][30] Misuari had since been living in self-exile and insisted that they were attacked by the AFP.[31] The Philippine government has been trying to get him in custody for causing chaos.[32]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ University of the Philippines, U.P. Biographical Directory, Supplement 1, University of the Philippines, Quezon City (1970)
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[unreliable source?]
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Abs-Cbn Interactive, Judge denies Misuari's bail petition[dead link]
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Further reading

External links

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