National Police (France)

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National Police
Police nationale
Police nationale France police patch blanc.jpg
Patch of the National Police.
Motto Pro patria vigilant[1]
Agency overview
Formed July 9, 1966
Preceding agency Sûreté nationale (1944–1966)
Employees 144,000 (in 2011)
Legal personality Governmental: Government agency
Jurisdictional structure
National agency France
Size 551,695 km²
Population 65 million (approx.)
Governing body Cabinet of France
General nature
Operational structure
Overviewed by Direction générale de la police nationale
Headquarters Paris, France
Minister responsible Bernard Cazeneuve, Ministry of the Interior
Agency executive Claude Baland, Director-General
Directorates
11
Facilities
Helicopters 0 see Sécurité Civile
Website
Official website (French)

The National Police (French: Police nationale), formerly the Sûreté nationale, is one of two national police forces and the main civil law enforcement agency of France, with primary jurisdiction in cities and large towns. The other main agency is the military Gendarmerie, with primary jurisdiction in smaller towns and rural and border areas. The National Police comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior and has about 145,699 employees (in April 2008).

The National Police operates mostly in large cities and towns. In that context:

  • it conducts security operations (patrols, traffic control, identity checks)
  • under the orders and supervision of the investigating magistrates of the judiciary, it conducts criminal enquiries, serves search warrants, etc.; it maintains specific services ("judicial police") for criminal enquiries.

Organization

The police is commanded by the director-general (directeur général de la police nationale) who is currently Claude Baland. The director-general is directly in charge of the General Directorate of the National Police (French: Direction Générale de la Police nationale) (DGPN) and the immediate subordinate of the Minister of the Interior. [2]

The police is then sub-divided into (central) directorates which are composed of sub-directorates :

The Préfet de Police, currently fr (Bernard Boucault), under direct orders of the Minister of the Interior, manages the Préfecture de Police de Paris which includes all police and security services in Paris and neighbouring départements, those services not being under the control of the director-general. The police forces in the other départements of the Île-de-France region are under the direct command of the Préfet (Département Prefect) in charge, being himself under the supervision of the Préfet de Police as far as the active on-the-field police work is concerned, and under the control of the director-general for the rest.

Former directorates

As of 1 July 2008, the following two National Police directorates:

were merged into one single domestic intelligence agency titled the Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur (DCRI). The DCRI was placed directly under the Ministry of the Interior.[4] The current director is Claude Baland, who had also formerly served as Intelligence director of the DGSE (External Intelligence Agency) and had been before a member of the DST.

Ranks

The National Police is divided into three corps, in the terminology of the French Civil Service, in ascending order of seniority:

  • The Corps de maîtrise et d'application (Authority and Enforcement Corps) corresponds approximately to the enlisted and non-commissioned ranks in a military force, or to constables and sergeants in a British-style civil police force.

  • Gardien de la paix stagiaire (keeper of the peace, intern") 1st year after school.

  • Gardien de la paix (keeper of the peace)

  • Brigadier

  • Brigadier-chef

  • Major

  • The Corps de commandement et d'encadrement (Command and Management Corps) corresponds approximately to the lower commissioned ranks of a military force, or to grades of inspector in a British-style civil police force. These ranks were previously known as inspecteurs if detectives or officiers de la paix if uniformed, although CRS officers always used the current ranks.

  • Lieutenant student

  • Lieutenant intern

  • Lieutenant (formerly Officier de la paix or Inspecteur)

  • Capitaine (formerly Officer de la paix principal or Inspecteur principal)

  • Commandant (formerly Commandant or Inspecteur divisionnaire)

  • The Corps de conception et de direction (Conception and Direction Corps) corresponds approximately to the higher commissioned ranks of a military force, or to grades of superintendent and chief officers in a British-style civil police force.

All the ranks insignia may be worn either on the shoulders or on the chest. In the latter they are square-shaped.

Prior to 1995 two civilian corps ("Inspecteurs" and "Enquêteurs") existed in which plain-clothes officers were given the training and authority to conduct investigations. The closest Anglo-American equivalent is the detective.

Equipment

Weapons

SP 2022, the present standard issued sidearm of French police officers.

In 1935, the French police used a variety of side arms, both revolvers and semi-automatic pistols, notably comprising the MAS 1873, the MAS 1892, the FN M1900, Ruby pistols, and a variety of privately purchased weapons.

Immediately after the Second World War, a variety of military side arms was used, often captured weapons provided by the Army or French-produced German-designed weapons, such as the Mauser HSc or the Walther P38 for sidearms, and the Karabiner 98k rifle.

In 1951, a standardisation was performed on the RR 51 pistol[5] in 7.65mm, and on the MAS-38 and MAT-49 for sub-machine guns. From 1953, in the context of heightening violence of the Algeria War, CRS units were upgraded to the 9mm MAC Mle 1950

In the early 1960x, large-caliber revolvers were introduced, culminating with the introduction of the Manurhin MR 73 and the Ruger SP101. In the 80s, a process to standardize revolvers was initiated. The 1970s also saw the introduction of assault rifles[clarification needed] (such as the SIG SG 543) to fend off heavily armed organised crime and terrorism.

In the 2000s, the police started switching to semi-automatic pistols and to the 9mm parabellum cartridge. For some years, the standard sidearm in the National Police and the Gendarmerie Nationale was the PAMAS G1, which was French licensed and made. In 2003 both agencies made the biggest small arms contract since the Second World War[6] for about 250,000 SIG SIG Sauer Pro SP 2022s, a custom-tailored variant of the SIG Pro, replacing the PAMAS-G1 and several other pistols in service. The weapons are planned to stay in service until the year 2022, hence the weapon name.

For greater threats the police use slightly modified Ruger Mini-14s purchased in the 1970s.

Cars

While the vast majority of vehicles are screen printed French brand (mainly Renault, Citroen and Peugeot), some service vehicles are provided by Ford and Opel. Plain clothes officers or specialised branches use vehicles from a variety of builders.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Police Nationale - Une force d'action et de protection au service de tous
  2. ↑ [1] Archived April 5, 2004 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Official announcement of the DCRI's launch on the website of the French Ministry of the Interior.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Ayoob, Massad F.: The Gun Digest Book of SIG-Sauer: A Complete Look at SIG-Sauer Pistols, page 80. Gun Digest, 2004.

External links

 
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