RIM-8 Talos
RIM-8 Talos | |
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300px
RIM-8G Talos missile.
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Type | Surface-to-air missile |
Place of origin | United States |
Service history | |
In service | Withdrawn from service 1980 |
Used by | United States Navy |
Production history | |
Manufacturer | Bendix |
Produced | 1958 |
Specifications | |
Weight | 7,800 lb (3,538 kg) (missile: 3,400 lb (1,542 kg), booster: 4,400 lb (1,996 kg) |
Length | 38ft (11.6 metres) |
Diameter | 28 in (0.7 metres) |
Warhead | 136 kg (300 lb) continuous-rod HE warhead or W30 nuclear warhead (2–5 kt) |
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Engine | Bendix ramjet sustainer, Stage1: MK 11 solid-fueled rocket booster, Stage2: Bendix ramjet sustainer 20,053lbf, 89.20kN |
Wingspan | 2.80 m (110 in) |
Operational
range |
185 km (100 nm); RIM-8A: 92 km (50 nm) |
Flight ceiling | 24,400 m (80,000 ft) |
Speed | Mach 2.5 |
Guidance
system |
Radar beam riding and (non-nuclear variants) semi-active radar homing |
Launch
platform |
Surface Ship |
The Bendix RIM-8 Talos was a long-range naval surface-to-air missile, and was among the earliest surface-to-air missiles to equip United States Navy ships. The Talos used radar beam riding for guidance to the vicinity of its target, and semiactive radar homing (SARH) for terminal guidance. The array of four antenna which surround the nose are SARH receivers which functioned as a continuous wave interferometer. Initial thrust was provided by a solid rocket booster for launch and a Bendix ramjet for flight to the target with the warhead serving as the ramjet's compressor.
Contents
History
Talos was the end product of Operation Bumblebee, the Navy's 16-year surface-to-air missile development program for protection against guided anti-ship missiles like Henschel Hs 293 glide bombs, Fritz X, and kamikaze aircraft.[1] The Talos was the primary effort behind the Bumblebee project, but was not the first missile the program developed; the RIM-2 Terrier was the first to enter service. The Talos was originally designated SAM-N-6, and was redesignated RIM-8 in 1963. The airframe structure was manufactured by McDonnell Aircraft in St. Louis; final assembly was by Bendix Missile Systems in Mishawaka, Indiana.
The Talos saw relatively limited use due to its large size and dual radar antenna system; there were few ships that could accommodate the large missiles with the AN/SPW-2 missile guidance radar and the AN/SPG-49 target illumination and tracking radar.[2] The 11.6-meter-long, 3½-tonne missile was similar in size to a fighter aircraft.[3] The Talos Mark 7 launcher system was installed in three Galveston-class cruisers (converted Cleveland class light cruisers) with 14 missiles in a ready-service magazine and up to 30 unmated missiles and boosters in a storage area above the main deck. Nuclear-powered USS Long Beach and three Albany-class cruisers (converted Baltimore class heavy cruisers) carried Mark 12 launchers fed from behind by a 46-round magazine below the main deck.
The initial SAM-N-6b/RIM-8A had an effective range of about 50 nm, and a conventional warhead. The SAM-N-6bW/RIM-8B was a RIM-8A with a nuclear warhead; terminal guidance was judged unnecessary for a nuclear warhead, so the SARH antenna were omitted. The SAM-N-6b1/RIM-8C was introduced in 1960 and had nearly double the range, and a more effective conventional continuous-rod warhead. The RIM-8D was the nuclear-warhead version of the -8C. The SAM-N-6c/RIM-8E "Unified Talos" had a warhead that could be swapped while embarked, eliminating the need to waste magazine capacity carrying dedicated nuclear warhead variants. The RIM-8E also carried an improved continuous-wave terminal homing seeker, and had a higher ceiling. Some RIM-8Cs were retrofitted with the new seeker, and designated RIM-8F. The RIM-8G and RIM-8J had further radar homing improvements. The RIM-8H Talos-ARM was a dedicated anti-radar homing missile for use against shore-based radar stations. Initial testing of the RIM-8H was performed in 1965, and soon after it was deployed in Vietnam on Chicago, Oklahoma City, and Long Beach, attacking North Vietnamese SAM radars. The surface-to-air versions also saw action in Vietnam, a total of three MiGs being shot down by Chicago and Long Beach. The Talos missile also had surface-to-surface capabilities.[4]
Variants
- SAM-N-6
- Development and prototype missiles; pre-1962 US Navy designation of the Talos missile.
- SAM-N-6a
- Development and prototype missiles; pre-1962 US Navy designation of the Talos missile.
- SAM-N-6b
- Production missiles deployed with conventional explosive warheads; re-designated RIM-8A.
- SAM-N-6bw
- The -6b missile with nuclear warhead, omitting terminal guidance and SARH antennae; re-designated RIM-8B.
- SAM-N-6b1
- An improved -6b with much greater range and continuous rod conventional warhead; re-designated RIM-8C.
- SAM-N-6c
- "Unified Talos" with interchangeable nuclear / conventional warheads eliminating the need for storage of both missile types, also fitted with improved terminal homing and higher operating ceiling; re-designated RIM-8E.
- RIM-8F Talos
- Some RIM-8C missiles retro-fitted with the new seeker from the RIM-8E (post 1962 only).
- RIM-8G Talos
- Variant with further homing improvements.
- RIM-8H Talos-ARM
- A dedicated surface-to-surface anti-radar homing version for deployment on ships already fitted out for the Talos SAM.
- RIM-8J Talos
- Variant with further homing improvements.
- MQM-8G Vandal
- Talos missiles remaining after removal from active service were converted to super-sonic drone targets, with the inventory being exhausted circa 2008.
Chronology
Date | Fleet inventory | Ship | Event |
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28 May 1958 | 1×Mk 7 launcher with 2×AN/SPG-49 RADAR | Galveston | commissioned as CLG-3 |
3 June 1960 | 2×Mk 7 launchers with 4×AN/SPG-49 RADAR | Little Rock | commissioned as CLG-4 |
7 September 1960 | 3×Mk 7 launchers with 6×AN/SPG-49 RADAR | Oklahoma City | commissioned as CLG-5 |
9 September 1961 | 3×Mk 7 & 1×Mk 12 launchers with 8×AN/SPG-49 RADAR | Long Beach | commissioned as CGN-9 |
3 November 1962 | 3×Mk 7 & 3×Mk 12 launchers with 12×AN/SPG-49 RADAR | Albany | commissioned as CG-10 |
1 December 1962[5] | 3×Mk 7 & 5×Mk 12 launchers with 16×AN/SPG-49 RADAR | Columbus | commissioned as CG-12 |
2 May 1964 | 3×Mk 7 & 7×Mk 12 launchers with 20×AN/SPG-49 RADAR | Chicago | commissioned as CG-11 |
25 May 1970[6] | 2×Mk 7 & 7×Mk 12 launchers with 18×AN/SPG-49 RADAR | Galveston | decommissioned |
31 January 1975[5] | 2×Mk 7 & 5×Mk 12 launchers with 14×AN/SPG-49 RADAR | Columbus | decommissioned |
22 November 1976[7] | 1×Mk 7 & 5×Mk 12 launchers with 12×AN/SPG-49 RADAR | Little Rock | decommissioned |
1978 | 1×Mk 7 & 4×Mk 12 launchers with 10×AN/SPG-49 RADAR | Long Beach | Talos system removed |
1 November 1979 | 4×Mk 12 launchers with 8×AN/SPG-49 RADAR | Oklahoma City | Last Talos fired |
15 December 1979 | 4×Mk 12 launchers with 8×AN/SPG-49 RADAR | Oklahoma City | decommissioned |
1 March 1980 | 2×Mk 12 launchers with 4×AN/SPG-49 RADAR | Chicago | decommissioned |
29 August 1980 | Albany | decommissioned |
Fate
Talos was phased out of fleet service in 1976, though the ships carrying the system soldiered on a few more years with the launchers left in place until they (Albany-class, and Oklahoma City) were retired in 1980, after Long Beach had her Talos launcher removed in 1978. After 22 years of fleet service, the missile was replaced by the RIM-67 Standard missile, which was fired from the smaller Mk10 launcher.
A Talos missile is displayed in the atrium of the South Bend Regional Airport (historically known as Bendix Field).
Another example can be seen at the Patriots Point Naval & Maritime Museum, located at Mount Pleasant, South Carolina.
A Talos Missile can also be seen on display at the Muskogee War Memorial Park located in Muskogee, OK.
Gallery
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Talos guidance radars on USS Oklahoma City (CLG-5) 1963.jpg
Talos missile guidance radars, AN/SPG-49.
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Tir de Talos.jpg
RIM-8A and -8B missile launch.
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RIM-8 Talos intercepting B-17 target drone in 1957.jpg
A Talos shortly before hitting a B-17 target drone in 1957.
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USS Little Rock (CLG-4) fires a Talos, 4 May 1961.
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RIM-8 Talos on USS Little Rock (CLG-4) 1960.jpg
Talos missiles on USS Little Rock (CLG-4), November 1960.
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MQM-8G Vandal missile launch 1999.jpg
MQM-8G Vandal launch from San Nicolas Island, in 1999.
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RIM-8 Talos missile loading conveyor aboard USS Little Rock (CLG-4).
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RIM-8 Talos Display.jpg
RIM-8 Talos display, Patriots Point Naval Museum, Charleston South Carolina
See also
Notes
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- ↑ The contemporary Soviet MiG-15 jet fighter was 10.1 meters long and weighted 5 tonnes.
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References
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External links
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- Nuclear missiles of the Cold War
- Cold War surface-to-air missiles of the United States
- Naval surface-to-air missiles
- Naval surface-to-air missiles of the United States
- Naval weapons of the United States
- Nuclear anti-aircraft weapons
- Surface-to-air missiles of the United States