United States Senate elections, 1912 and 1913
![]() |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
34 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate 49 seats needed for a majority |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() Democrat re-elected/hold
Democratic gain
Republican re-elected/hold
Republican gain
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
In the 1912/13 United States Senate elections, held on November 5, Democrats gained control of the Senate from the Republicans. This coincided with Democrat Woodrow Wilson's victory in the presidential election amid a divide in the Republican Party. In the Senate, Joseph M. Dixon and Miles Poindexter defected from the Republican Party and joined Theodore Roosevelt's new Progressive Party. Dixon, however, lost his seat during this election.
Some states elected their Senators directly even before passage of the 17th Amendment in 1913. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.
This was the first time in 20 years that the Democrats won a majority in Senate.
Contents
Results summary
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Parties | Total Seats | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incumbents | This election | Result | +/- | |||||||
Not up | Up | Re- elected |
Held | Gained | Lost | |||||
Democratic | 46 | 32 | 14 | 7 | 4 | ![]() |
![]() |
51 | ![]() |
|
Republican | 48 | 29 | 19 | 6 | 4 | ![]() |
![]() |
44 | ![]() |
|
Progressive | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
![]() |
1 | ![]() |
|
Others | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ![]() |
![]() |
0 | ![]() |
|
Total | 96 | 62 | 34 | 13 | 8 | ![]() |
![]() |
96 | ![]() |
Senate party division, 63rd Congress (1913–1915)
Majority Party: Democratic (51 seats)
Minority Party: Republican (44 seats)
Other Parties: Progressive (1 seat)
Total Seats: 96
Change in Senate composition
Each box listed contains the state's postal abbreviation and Senate class number.
Before the elections
After the March 1912 elections to elect Senators from the new states of New Mexico and Arizona.
|
Notes:
|
Beginning of the next Congress
|
Notes:
|
Key: |
|
|
---|
Complete list of races
Bold states link to specific election articles.
*Asterisks indicate elections in which Senators where selected by some form of direct voting and then subsequently elected by state legislatures.
Special elections during the 62nd Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1912 or before March 4, 1913; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
New Mexico (Class 1) |
New seat | Winner elected March 4, 1912 to term ending March 4, 1917. Republican gain. |
√ Thomas B. Catron (Republican) Unopposed[1] | ||
New Mexico (Class 2) |
New seat | Winner elected March 4, 1912 to term ending March 4, 1913. Republican gain. Winner was subsequently re-elected in November (see below). |
√ Albert B. Fall (Republican) Unopposed[2] | ||
Arizona (Class 1) |
New seat | Winner elected March 27, 1912 to term ending March 4, 1917. Democratic gain. |
√ Henry F. Ashurst (Democratic) 50.00% Ralph Henry Cameron (Republican) 44.33% E. Johnson (Socialist) 5.67%[3] |
||
Arizona (Class 3) |
New seat | Winner won popular election December 12, 1911.[4] Election was ratified by the state legislature March 27, 1912 to term ending March 4, 1915. Democratic gain. |
√ Marcus A. Smith (Democratic) 50.35% Hoval A. Smith (Republican) 43.84% E.B. Simonton (Socialist) 5.8%[3] |
||
Colorado (Class 3) |
Vacant | Charles J. Hughes, Jr. (D) had died January 11, 1911. Winner elected January 15, 1913 to finish the term ending March 4, 1915. Democratic gain. |
√ Charles S. Thomas (Democratic) Unopposed[5] | ||
Nevada* (Class 1) |
William A. Massey | Republican | 1912 (Appointed) | Appointee lost election to finish the term. Winner elected January 23, 1913 to finish the term ending March 4, 1917. Democratic gain. |
√ Key Pittman (Democratic) 39.78% William A. Massey (Republican) 39.34% G. A. Steele (Socialist) 13.73% S. Summerfield (Progressive) 7.15%[6] |
Tennessee (Class 2) |
Newell Sanders | Republican | 1912 (Appointed) | Appointee retired when elected successor qualified. Winner elected January 23, 1913 to finish the term ending March 4, 1913, but did not run for election to the following term (see below). Democratic gain. |
√ William R. Webb (Democratic) |
Texas (Class 2) |
Rienzi Melville Johnston | Democratic | 1912 (Appointed) | Appointee retired when elected successor qualified. Winner elected January 23, 1913 to finish the term ending March 4, 1913, as well as to the next term (see below). Democratic hold. |
√ Morris Sheppard (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
Idaho (Class 3) |
Kirtland I. Perky | Democratic | 1912 (Appointed) | Appointee lost election to finish the term. Winner elected January 24, 1913 to finish the term ending March 4, 1915. Republican gain. |
√ James H. Brady (Republican) Unopposed[7] |
Arkansas (Class 2) |
Jeff Davis | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent died January 3, 1913. John N. Heiskell (D) was appointed January 6, 1913 to continue the term, but did not run to finish the term (see below). Winner elected January 27, 1913 to finish the term. Democratic hold. |
√ William Marmaduke Kavanaugh (Democratic) Unopposed[8] |
Races leading to the 63rd Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1913; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history |
|||
Alabama | John H. Bankhead | Democratic | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent re-elected. | √ John H. Bankhead (Democratic) Unopposed[9] |
Arkansas | Jeff Davis | Democratic | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent re-elected, but died January 3, 1913. Winner elected January 29, 1913 to the next term. Democratic hold. |
√ Joseph T. Robinson (Democratic) Unopposed[10] |
Colorado* | Simon Guggenheim | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
√ John F. Shafroth (Democratic) 47.34% Clyde Dawson (Republican) 26.8% Frank Catlin (Progressive) 23.48% Mary E. Miller (Prohibition) 2.38%[11] |
Delaware | Harry A. Richardson | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
√ Willard Saulsbury, Jr. (Democratic) Unopposed[12] |
Georgia | Augustus Octavius Bacon | Democratic | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Augustus Octavius Bacon (Democratic) Unopposed[13] |
Idaho | William Borah | Republican | 1907 1912 |
Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Borah (Republican) Unopposed[14] |
Illinois | Shelby Moore Cullom | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent lost renomination[15] Democratic gain. |
√ J. Hamilton Lewis (Democratic) 80.39% Frank H. Funk (Progressive) 10.78% Lawrence Yates Sherman (Republican) 4.41% Abstained 2.45% Bernard Berlyn (Socialist) 1.96%[15] |
Iowa | William S. Kenyon | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William S. Kenyon (Republican) Unopposed[16] |
Kansas* | Charles Curtis | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic gain. |
√ William Howard Thompson (Democratic) 49.34% Walter R. Stubbs (Republican) 43.35% Allan Ricker (Socialist) 7.32%[17] |
Kentucky | Thomas H. Paynter | Democratic | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
√ Ollie Murray James (Democratic) Unopposed[18] |
Louisiana | Murphy J. Foster | Democratic | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
√ Joseph E. Ransdell (Democratic) Unopposed[19] |
Maine | Obadiah Gardner | Democratic | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
√ Edwin C. Burleigh (Republican)[20] |
Massachusetts | Winthrop M. Crane | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
√ John W. Weeks (Republican) Unopposed[21] |
Michigan | William Alden Smith | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent re-elected. | √ William Alden Smith (Republican) Unopposed[22] |
Minnesota* | Knute Nelson | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent re-elected. | Knute Nelson (Republican) 62.8% Daniel Lawler (Democratic) 37.2%[23] |
Mississippi | LeRoy Percy | Democratic | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
√ James K. Vardaman (Democratic) Unopposed[24] |
Montana* | Joseph M. Dixon | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent lost re-election as a Progressive. Democratic gain. |
√ Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic) 41.17% Joseph M. Dixon (Progressive) 32.1% Henry C. Smith (Republican) 26.73%[25] |
Nebraska | Norris Brown | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent lost renomination[26] Republican hold. |
√ George W. Norris (Republican) Ashton C. Shallenberger (Democratic)[27] |
New Hampshire | Henry E. Burnham | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
√ Henry F. Hollis (Democratic) 50.94% John H. Bartlett (Republican) 32.62% Henry B. Quinby (Republican) 4.85% Edward Nathan Pearson (Republican) 3.77% Robert P. Bass (Progressive) 3.24% Sherman Everett Burroughs (Republican) 1.35% Gordon Woodbury (Democratic) 0.81% Clarence Carr (Democratic) 0.54% William Swart (Independent) 0.54%[28] |
New Jersey | Frank O. Briggs | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
√ William Hughes (Democratic)[29] |
New Mexico | Albert B. Fall | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Albert B. Fall (Republican) Unopposed[30] |
North Carolina | Furnifold McLendel Simmons | Democratic | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Furnifold McLendel Simmons (Democratic) Unopposed[31] |
Oklahoma* | Robert Latham Owen | Democratic | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Robert Latham Owen (Democratic) 50.43% Joseph Dickerson (Republican) 33.28% John Wills (Socialist) 16.3%[32] |
Oregon* | Jonathan Bourne, Jr. | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent lost renomination and then lost re-election as Progressive. Democratic gain. |
√ Harry Lane (Democratic) 30.07% Ben Selling (Republican) 28.79% Jonathan Bourne, Jr. (Progressive) 19.41% Benjamin Ramp (Socialist) 8.31% A. E. Clark (Progressive-WI) 8.3% B. Lee Paget (Prohibition) 5.13%[33] |
Rhode Island | George P. Wetmore | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
√ LeBaron B. Colt (Republican) Unopposed[34] |
South Carolina | Benjamin Tillman | Democratic | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Benjamin Tillman (Democratic) Unopposed |
South Dakota | Robert J. Gamble | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent lost renomination[35] Republican hold. |
√ Thomas Sterling (Republican) Unopposed[36] |
Tennessee | Newell Sanders | Republican | 1912 (Appointed) | Appointee retired and was replaced by William R. Webb (D), a successor elected to finish the term ending March 3, 1913, who did not run for the following term (see above). Winner elected to the following term. Democratic gain. |
√ John K. Shields (Democratic) Unopposed[37] |
Texas | Joseph Weldon Bailey | Democratic | 1901 1907 |
Incumbent retired and then resigned after the election. Winner was also appointed to finish the current term. Democratic hold. |
√ Morris Sheppard (Democratic) Unopposed[38] |
Virginia | Thomas S. Martin | Democratic | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) Unopposed[39] |
West Virginia | Clarence Wayland Watson | Democratic | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
√ Nathan Goff, Jr. (Republican)[40] |
Wyoming | Francis E. Warren | Republican | [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] | Incumbent re-elected. | √ Francis E. Warren (Republican) Unopposed[41] |
Special elections during the 63rd Congress
In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1913 after March 4; ordered by election date.
State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
Illinois (Class 3) |
Vacant | 1909 election of William Lorimer (R) voided July 13, 1912. Winner elected March 26, 1913 to finish the term ending March 4, 1915. Republican hold. |
√ Lawrence Y. Sherman (Republican) 70.1% Charles Boeschenstein (Democratic) 12.25% Frank H. Funk (Republican) 10.78% Abstaining 4.41% ? McDonald (Socialist) 1.96% John Fitzpatrick (Democratic) 0.49%[42] |
||
Maryland (Class 1) |
William P. Jackson | Republican | 1912 (Appointed) | Appointee retired when elected successor qualified. Winner elected November 4, 1913 to finish the term ending March 4, 1917. Winner did not qualify until January 28, 1914.[43] Democratic gain. |
√ Blair Lee (Democratic) [Data unknown/missing. You can help!] |
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/ContainerHistory.html?ContainerID=198
- ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=333039
- ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=36483
- ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=391403
- ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=134481
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=332758
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ The Election Case of William P. Jackson v. Blair Lee of Maryland (1914)
Source: United States Senate Official Website