Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster

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The Most Honourable
The Marquess of Westminster
KG PC
A three-quarter length portrait of a standing man wearing a black cloak with gold buttons, and a red stole with tassels
Painting of Lord Westminster when he was
Viscount Belgrave by Henry William Pickersgill
Lord Steward of the Household
In office
22 March 1850 – 21 February 1852
Monarch Victoria
Prime Minister Lord John Russell
Preceded by The Earl Fortescue
Succeeded by The Duke of Montrose
Personal details
Born (1795-01-27)27 January 1795
Millbank House,
Westminster, London
Died Script error: The function "death_date_and_age" does not exist.
Fonthill House, Fonthill Gifford, Wiltshire, England
Resting place St Mary's Church, Eccleston, Cheshire
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Nationality English
Political party Whig
Spouse(s) Lady Elizabeth Leveson-Gower
Children Eleanor
Mary Frances
Gilbert
Elizabeth
Hugh Lupus
Evelyn
Caroline Amelia
Octavia
Agnes
Gilbert Norman
Jane Louisa Octavia
Richard
Theodora Grosvenor
Residence Eaton Hall, Cheshire,
Grosvenor House, London
Alma mater Westminster School
Christ Church, Oxford
Occupation Landlord, politician
File:Elizabeth, Countess Grosvenor, mezzotint by Henry Greenhead after Sir Thomas Lawrence 1818.jpg
Elizabeth, Marchioness of Westminster, by Sir Thomas Lawrence.
St Mary's Church, Eccleston - The enclosure which marks the site of the Grosvenor family vault within the demolished old church
St Mary's Church, Eccleston - The tablet in the new church which lists the Grosvenors buried in the demolished old church

Richard Grosvenor, 2nd Marquess of Westminster KG PC (27 January 1795 – 31 October 1869), styled Viscount Belgrave from 1802 to 1831 and Earl Grosvenor from 1831 to 1845, was an English politician, landowner, property developer and benefactor.

Background and education

Grosvenor was born at Millbank House, Westminster, London, the eldest of the three sons of Robert Grosvenor, 1st Marquess of Westminster and Lady Eleanor Egerton. He was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford where he graduated MA.[1] He undertook the Grand Tour in 1815.

Political and public life

In 1818 Grosvenor was elected as Whig MP for Chester and was later appointed as a Justice of the Peace.[2] In 1830 he was elected MP for Cheshire until the constituency was divided in 1832, and from then until 1834 he represented South Cheshire. He was Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire from 1845 to 1867 and Lord Steward of the Household between 1850 and 1852 in the Whig administration headed by Lord John Russell.[1] On 22 March 1850 he was admitted to the Privy Council.[3] He was presented with the Order of the Garter on 6 July 1857.[4] Of his political activity it is said that "he seldom spoke in the House of Lords".[1]

Development of the estate

Grosvenor "devoted himself ... to the improvement of his London property",[1] and added to his properties in Dorset and Cheshire; he was described as being a "model landlord".[2] Eaton Hall had been rebuilt in flamboyant Gothic style for his father by William Porden. Grosvenor commissioned the Scottish architect William Burn to make alterations to it, including raising the centre of the south front to make it look like a tower.[5] Burn also designed Fonthill House for him in Scottish Baronial style.[6] On his estates Grosvenor built farms, schools and "numerous" cottages.[7] Among his schools were the Bishopsfield Schools in Hoole, Chester.[8]

Personality and personal interests

File:RGrosvenorStatChst.JPG
Statue of Grosvenor wearing his garter robes

Grosvenor continued the family interest in horse racing[1] and, when he was living in the country estate, he spent time hunting and fishing.[2] He gave generously to charity, and built and restored churches.[1] He was an early patron of the Chester architect John Douglas.[9] In 1865–66 Douglas designed St John's Church for him in his estate village of Aldford.[8] About the same time Grosvenor gave fields in Chester to the city council for the formation of Grosvenor Park.[10] For this park Douglas designed a number of items, including the Entrance Lodge, the gates, and a cover for Billy Hobby's Well.[8] In 1865 the citizens of Chester began to raise money for the erection of a statue "to mark the public and private worth of his lordship, and the high estimation in which he is held by his neighbours and tenants, as well as by all classes of the community". Over £5,000 (equivalent to £430,000 as of 2021)[11] was raised. The statue showing the marquess in his garter robes was designed by Thomas Thornycroft, and erected in 1869; it still stands in Grosvenor Park.[10]

Grosvenor's parents had instilled "high moral principles" in their children, and these stayed with Richard throughout his life.[2] He has been described as "of austere character and unswerving devotion to duty as family man, politician and landlord".[6] His obituary in The Times says "he administered his vast estate with a combination of intelligence and generosity not often witnessed".[1]

Family

Lord Westminster married Lady Elizabeth Leveson-Gower, younger daughter of George Leveson-Gower, 2nd Marquess of Stafford (later 1st Duke of Sutherland), in 1819.[2] Following their marriage, Westminster and his wife initially lived at Eaton Hall, Cheshire, the family's country house, with Lord and Lady Grosvenor. During the London season, from April each year, the family moved to live in Grosvenor House. In 1827 the couple visited Norway, Sweden and Russia and in 1835–36 they toured through Germany and Italy. In 1883 they moved into Motcombe House, Dorset, in one of the family's estates. When the 1st Marquess died in 1845 they followed the family tradition of using Eaton Hall as their country house and Grosvenor House as their London residence, where they entertained lavishly.[2]

Lord Westminster and his wife had thirteen children, ten of whom survived into adulthood and three of whom lived into their nineties.[2] Their second son Hugh Lupus Grosvenor succeeded him as 3rd Marquess; he was later created Duke of Westminster.[1] Their youngest son Lord Richard Grosvenor was ennobled as Baron Stalbridge.[12]

Lord Westminster died at Fonthill House, Fonthill Gifford in Wiltshire on 31 October 1869 after a short illness and was buried in the family vault in St Mary's Church, Eccleston. His wealth at death is recorded as being under £800,000 (equivalent to £66,000,000 as of 2021).[1][11]

Styles of address

  • 1795-1802: The Hon Richard Grosvenor
  • 1802-1818: Viscount Belgrave
  • 1818-1831: Viscount Belgrave MP
  • 1831-1834: Earl Grosvenor MP
  • 1834-1845: Earl Grosvenor
  • 1845-1850: The Most Hon The Marquess of Westminster[lower-alpha 1]
  • 1850-1857: The Most Hon The Marquess of Westminster PC
  • 1857-1869: The Most Hon The Marquess of Westminster KG PC
  1. ↑ Although The Marquess of Westminster is the 9th Grosvenor Baronet of Eaton, by custom the post-nominal of Bt is omitted, since Peers of the Realm do not list subsidiary hereditary titles.

References

Citations

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Tedder, H. R., rev. K. D. Reynolds (2004) 'Grosvenor, Richard, second marquess of Westminster (1795–1869)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Retrieved on 18 April 2010. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Hubbard 1991, p. 59.
  7. ↑ Hubbard 1991, p. 60.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Hubbard 1991, p. 239.
  9. ↑ Hubbard 1991, p. 28.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "inflation-UK" defined multiple times with different content
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ http://worldroots.com/brigitte/famous/h/henry8englanddesc-25.htm
  14. ↑ http://www.angelfire.com/realm/gotha/Part_h10.htm

Sources

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External links

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Chester
1818–1830
With: Thomas Grosvenor 1818–1826
Lord Robert Grosvenor 1826–1830		 Succeeded by
Lord Robert Grosvenor
Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, Bt
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Cheshire
1830–1832
With: Wilbraham Egerton 1830–1831
George Wilbraham 1831–1832		 constituency divided
New constituency Member of Parliament for South Cheshire
1832–1835
With: George Wilbraham		 Succeeded by
George Wilbraham
Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, Bt
Honorary titles
Preceded by Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire
1845–1867		 Succeeded by
The Lord Egerton
Political offices
Preceded by Lord Steward
1850–1852		 Succeeded by
The Duke of Montrose
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Marquess of Westminster
1845–1869		 Succeeded by
Hugh Lupus Grosvenor
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