Shakhovskoy

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File:Coat of Arms of Shahovskoy family.png
Princely arms of the Shakhovskoy family

Shakhovskoy (alt. Shahovskoy, Shahovskoi, Russian: Шаховские, French: Chakhovskoï, German: Schachowskoi, Italian: Šachovskoj ) is the name of a princely Russian family descending from the Rurik Dynasty, and as such, one of the oldest noble families of Russia. Most members of the family fled Russia in 1917 during the Russian Revolution.

In the 19th century, and especially after the abolition of serfdom, the "'Shakhovskoy" surname began to appear among peasants who adopted their employers' name but were not themselves descendants of the princely family.

Family history

The family was founded by Prince Konstantin Glebovich, nicknamed “Shah.” Konstantin was a direct descendant of Rurik, whose dynasty formed ancient Rus' and ruled from the 9th to the 17th century.[1] At the time, the land comprised many city-states and principalities, each of which was ruled by its own prince, or knyaz (Russian: князь). The Rurik dynasty brought these together under the authority of the Grand Duchy of Kiev and later Moscow. The land would later become modern-day Russia, Belorussia, and Ukraine.

Pedigree from Rurik

Monument celebrating the millennial of Rurik's arrival at Novgorod

Prince Konstantin Glebovich “Shah”

Prince Konstantin was the youngest of three sons of Prince Gleb Vasilievich, whose brother Vasili Vasilievich ruled the Principality of Yaroslavl. The rule was passed down to Vasili's sons.

Nevertheless, Konstantin managed to earn the nickname "Shakh" - from Persian "Shah", meaning king. He eventually moved to the Grand Duchy of Moscow and held service under the high prince. In 1482 Konstantin appears as a voivode in Nizhny Novgorod. His sons, princes Andrei and Yuri, also held their service in Moscow. In the XVI Century, the descendants of Andrei split into eight primary branches.[2]

Military & government service

As was true of many nobles, and particularly of those descending from Rurik, members of the Shakhovskoy family held high ranking leadership positions throughout Russia's history. They frequently appear in the role of voivode (Russian: воевода), literally "war-leader" or "war-lord", denoting principal command of a military force. When not performing military service, members of the family often held roles of senator or judge. Aside from a few outliers, the Shakhovskoy family has maintained loyalty to the Grand Prince, later Tsar, and finally Emperor of Russia.

After the Russian Revolution

Most members of the Shakhovskoy family fled their homeland during the Russian Revolution of 1917. Today, many who bare the name are descendants of peasants who had adopted the surname of their employers. Of the princely family, there are several known[3] descendants in France and in other parts of the world, as well as matrilineal descendants in a branch of the Derugin family.

Title

Members of the Shakhovskoy family bare the title of “prince” (knyaz, Russian: князь). Female members bare the title “princess” (knyaginya referring to the wife of a knyaz, and knyazhna referring to the daughter of a knyaz). Originally, the title suggested royal ancestry from a current or former ruling dynasty. From the 18th century onwards, the title was occasionally granted by the Tsar to exceptional persons not descending from a ruling house.

Coat of arms

The first and third sections of the shield are the arms of the Great Duchy of Kiev. The second and fourth sections are the arms of the Principality of Smolensk. In the middle of the arms a smaller shield bares the arms of the Yaroslav Principality.

Notable family members

File:Shakhovskoy family.jpg
Shakhovskoy family portrait from the early 19th Century
  • Prince Miron Mikhailovich Shakhovskoy (c. 1590 – 1632), voivode in Kargopol, Pskov,Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, led an unsuccessful expedition to build a fortress at the mouth of Tara River and to collect taxes in the region, recruited cossacks in Ryazan for government service (8th branch)
  • Prince Grigori Petrovich Shakhovskoy, political activist during the Time of Troubles, voivode in Putivl, follower of False Dmitri II (3rd branch)
  • Prince Ivan Fedorovich “Bol’shoi” Shakhovskoy (c. 1606 – 1647), voivode in Santschursk, Rylsk, Tomsk, Krapivna, Chern', Tula, Rzhev, Kostroma, Saratov, Tsivilsk, fought in the war against Poland, judge in Vladimir, judge (1st branch)
  • Prince Ivan Fedorovich “Men’shoi” Shakhovskoy, Moscow nobleman, voivode in Kostroma, judge (1st branch)
  • Prince Semyon Ivanovich “Kharya” Shakhovskoy (late 16th century), poet, author of spiritual literature, liturgical composer, diplomat, voivode of Yeniseysk (3rd branch)
  • Prince Yuri Ivanovich “Kosoi” Shakhovskoy (c. 1612), held victory over the Polish army in 1612, voivode in Mtsensk, Mikhaylov, Tara (2nd branch)
  • Prince Mikhail Nikitich Shakhovskoy (c. 1606–1663), voivode of Orlov and Tara (2nd branch)
  • Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Shakhovskoy, judge in Moscow and Vladimir (3rd branch)
  • Prince Aleksei Ivanovich Shakhovskoy (1688–1752), State Councillor, advisor of Collegium of Justice (2nd branch)
  • Prince Aleksei Ivanovich Shakhovskoy (c. 1690 – 1737), senator, General-in-chief, ruler of Malorussia (Ukraine) (branch)
  • Prince Yakov Petrovich Shakhovskoy (1705–1777), senator, head of police, General-Prosecutor of the Holy Synod
  • Prince Mikhail Ivanovich Shakhovskoy (c. 1753), privy councilor, senator, president of the Collegium of State Income (branch)
  • Prince Grigori Ivanovich Shakhovskoy (c. 1758, governor of Belgorod, ambassador to Constantinople
  • Prince Nikolai Leontievich Shakhovskoy (1777–1860), senator, general-major (6th branch)
  • Prince Ivan Leontievich Shakhovskoy (1770–1860), infantry general, member of the Governing Senate (6th branch)
  • Prince Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shakhovskoy (1770–1846), academic of the Academy of Science (3rd branch)
  • Prince Aleksei Ivanovich Shakhovskoy (1821–1900), infantry general, hero of Caucasus(6th branch)
  • Prince Fedor Petrovich Shakhovskoy (1796–1829), Decembrist (7th branch)
  • Prince Dmitri Ivanovich Shakhovskoy (1861–1939), liberal politician, minister of the Russian Provisional Government (7th branch)
  • Prince Konstantin Yakovlevich Shakhovskoy (1905–1972), priest of the Russian Orthodox Church, martyr (3rd branch)
  • Archbishop John Shahovskoy (1902–1989), officer of the White Army, bishop of San Francisco in the Orthodox Church in America
  • Princess Zinaida Shahovskaya (1906–2001), author, poetess, director of the European publication, "Russian Thought" (Russian: Русская мысль)
  • Prince Dmitri Mikhailovich Shakhovskoy (born 1934), professor of Russian history and philosophy in France

References

  1. ↑ Pedigrees of Famous People. http://geneal.ru/
  2. ↑ History of Russian Families. The Princes Shahovskoy. http://www.russianfamily.ru/sh/shakhovskii.html
  3. ↑ Дмитрий Шаховской: «Служим России одиннадцать веков». http://portal-kultura.ru/svoy/articles/drugie-berega/65465-dmitriy-shakhovskoy-sluzhim-rossii-odinnadtsat-vekov/?print=Y&CODE=65465-dmitriy-shakhovskoy-sluzhim-rossii-odinnadtsat-vekov
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