1908 in the United Kingdom
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Events from the year 1908 in the United Kingdom.
Incumbents
- Monarch - Edward VII
- Prime Minister - Henry Campbell-Bannerman (Liberal) (until 3 April), H. H. Asquith (Liberal) (starting 5 April)
Events
- 1 January
- Nimrod Expedition: Ernest Shackleton sets sail from New Zealand on the Nimrod for Antarctica.
- Harry Bensley leaves for his would-be trip around the world pushing a pram and wearing an iron mask, beginning from Trafalgar Square in London.
- 22 January - Arthur Henderson becomes the second leader of the Labour Party following the resignation of Keir Hardie.[1]
- 24 January - Start of publication of Robert Baden-Powell's Scouting for Boys in London. The book will over time sell over 100 million copies and effectively begin the worldwide Boy Scout movement.
- March - The Children's Encyclopedia begins publication in London.
- 1 April - The Territorial Force of the British Army is established[2] by merger of the civilian-organised Volunteer Force with the Yeomanry; and remaining units of the militia are transferred into the regular Special Reserve.[3]
- 7 April - Campbell-Bannerman resigns as Prime Minister, on the grounds of health; replaced by Asquith.[2]
- 8 April - David Lloyd George becomes Chancellor of the Exchequer, while Winston Churchill enters the Cabinet for the first time, as President of the Board of Trade.[2]
- 18 April - Manchester United secure the Football League First Division title - the first major trophy of their history.[4]
- 27 April–31 October - Olympics held in London.[5] The Great Britain and Ireland team win 56 gold, 51 silver and 39 bronze medals.
- 11 May - Foundation stone of the Royal Liver Building in Liverpool is laid.[5]
- 24 May (Empire Day) - Formation of the 1st Arundel (Earl of Arundel's Own) Scout Group (traditionally accepted date although Scouting was probably active in Arundel prior to this).
- 21 June - First large suffragette rally, in London.[2]
- July - Allied Artists' Association holds its first exhibition, at the Royal Albert Hall.
- 31 July - Irish Universities Act receives Royal Assent in Parliament. This provides for establishment of the federal National University of Ireland based in Dublin and the Queen's University of Belfast.[6]
- 10 September - The first Minas Geraes-class Dreadnought battleship for Brazil, Minas Geraes is launched at Armstrong Whitworth's yard on the River Tyne.
- October
- Edith Morley is made Professor of English at University College, Reading, the first woman appointed to a chair at an English university-level institution.[7]
- First Ideal Home Exhibition held, at Olympia (London) sponsored by the Daily Mail newspaper.
- 16 October - American-born Samuel F. Cody makes the first powered fixed-wing aircraft flight in Britain, taking off at the School of Ballooning, Farnborough, Hampshire, in British Army Aeroplane No 1.[2][8]
- November
- Horace, Eustace and Oswald Short found Short Brothers, the first aircraft manufacturing company in England, in Battersea, London.
- The North and South Wales Bank is absorbed into the London City and Midland Bank, bringing an end to banknote issue in Wales.[9]
- 14 November - Elizabeth Garrett Anderson is the first woman in England to be elected as a mayor (of Aldeburgh).
- 3 December - The first performance of Edward Elgar's Symphony No. 1 is given by The Hallé in Manchester's Free Trade Hall.
- 10 December - The National Farmers Union is founded.[5]
- 21 December - Royal Assent given to the following Acts of Parliament:
- Children Act - comes into force 1909, q.v.[10]
- Prevention of Crime Act - regularises national provision of Borstals.
Undated
- Walter Sickert paints the series of problem pictures The Camden Town Murder.[11]
- John Hassall paints the first version of The Jolly Fisherman poster (slogan: Skegness is SO bracing).[12]
- Punishment of Incest Act makes incest a civil crime for the first time.[10]
- Bisto gravy powder is first marketed.[13]
- Vimto is invented by John Noel Nichols. Originally sold under the name Vimtonic, Nichols shortens it to Vimto in 1912.
Publications
- Robert Baden-Powell's book Scouting for Boys.
- The Children's Encyclopedia, first edition.
- G. K. Chesterton's novel The Man Who Was Thursday and his book Orthodoxy.
- W. H. Davies' autobiography The Autobiography of a Super-Tramp.
- E. M. Forster's novel A Room with a View.
- Kenneth Grahame's children's novel The Wind in the Willows.
- E. Nesbit's children's novel The House of Arden.
- H. De Vere Stacpoole's novel The Blue Lagoon.[14]
- First issue of The Magnet, featuring a story of Greyfriars School by Frank Richards.
Births
- 8 January - William Hartnell, actor (died 1975)
- 5 February - Daisy and Violet Hilton, conjoined twin actresses (died 1969)
- 11 February - Vivian Ernest Fuchs, geologist and explorer (died 1999)
- 22 February - John Mills, actor (died 2005)
- 5 March - Rex Harrison, actor (died 1990)
- 12 March - Ida Crowe Pollock, writer (died 2013)
- 19 March - George Rodger, photojournalist (died 1995)
- 20 March - Michael Redgrave, actor (died 1985)
- 25 March
- David Lean, film director (died 1991)
- Bridget D'Oyly Carte, head of D'Oyly Carte Opera Company (died 1985)
- 27 March - Semprini, musician (died 1990)
- 14 May - Amy Jagger, gymnast (died 1993)
- 28 May - Ian Fleming, writer (died 1964)
- 30 June - Winston Graham, writer (died 2003)
- 25 July - Bill Bowes, cricketer (died 1987)
- 4 August - Osbert Lancaster, cartoonist (died 1986)
- 21 August - M. M. Kaye, writer (died 2004)
- 23 August - Hannah Frank, artist and sculptor (died 2008)
- 31 August - Kenneth Gandar-Dower, sportsman, aviator, explorer and author (died 1944)
- 6 September - Louis Essen, physicist (died 1997)
- 12 September - Reginald C. Fuller, Roman Catholic priest and writer (died 2011)
- 19 October - Sydney MacEwan, singer (died 1990)
- 2 November - Fred Bakewell, cricketer (died 1983)
- 20 November - Alistair Cooke, journalist (died 2004)
- 26 November - Charles Forte, businessman (died 2007)
- 18 December - Celia Johnson, actress (died 1982)
Deaths
- 25 January - Ouida, writer (born 1839)
- 22 March - John William Crombie, Scottish woollen manufacturer and politician (born 1858)
- 20 April - Henry Chadwick, baseball writer and historian (born 1824)
- 22 April - Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister (born 1836)
- 31 May - Sir John Evans, archaeologist (born 1823)
- 2 June - William Napier, recipient of the Victoria Cross (born 1828)
- 22 July - William Randal Cremer, politician and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (born 1828)
- 16 October - Joseph Leycester Lyne (Father Ignatius of Jesus), Anglican Benedictine abbot (born 1837)
- 1 December - Howell Jones, Welsh rugby union player (born 1882)
References
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- ↑ Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
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