CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT Joy 1882

This article is about one of several different Cape Government Railways locomotive types to be designated "4th Class". For other CGR 4th Class locomotives, see Cape Government Railways 4th Class locomotives.

CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT Joy 1882
OVGS 4th Class G 4-6-0
South African Class 04 4-6-0

300px Locomotive as built with short firebox

Type and origin Power type Steam Designer Cape Government Railways (Michael Stephens) Builder Neilson and Company Serial number 2828-2848, 2951-2954, 2978-2987 Build date 1882-1883 Total produced 35

Specifications Configuration 4-6-0 (Ten-wheeler) Driver axle 2nd coupled axle Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge Leading dia Coupled dia 42 in (1,067 mm) Tender wheels Wheelbase  • Engine 16 ft 10 in (5,131 mm)  • Leading 5 ft (1,524 mm)  • Coupled 8 ft (2,438 mm)  • Tender 8 ft (2,438 mm) Length:  • Over couplers Height 12 ft (3,658 mm) Axle load  • Leading  • 1st coupled  • 2nd coupled  • 3rd coupled Adhesive weight Loco weight Tender weight Loco & tender weight Tender type 3 axle Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 3 LT (3.0 t) Water cap engine tender Boiler:  • Pitch 5 ft 9 in (1,753 mm)  • Diameter  • Tube plates  • Firebox type Round-top Boiler pressure 140 psi (965 kPa) Safety valve Salter as built Ramsbottom reboilered Firegrate area 11.7 sq ft (1.09 m2) Heating surface 751.6 sq ft (69.83 m2)  • Tubes 690 sq ft (64 m2)  • Firebox 61.6 sq ft (5.72 m2) Cylinders Two Cylinder size 15 in (381 mm) bore 20 in (508 mm) stroke Valve gear Joy as built Stephenson converted Couplers Bell link-and-pin

Performance figures Tractive effort 11,250 lbf (50.0 kN) @ 75%

Career Operators Cape Government Railways OVGS Beira & Mashonaland Railway South African Railways Class CGR 4th Class, SAR Class 04 Number in class 35 Numbers W56-W76, M76-M79, E39-E48 Nicknames Joy & Converted Joy Delivered 1882-1883 First run 1882 Withdrawn c. 1932

The Cape Government Railways 4th Class 4-6-0TT Joy of 1882 was a South African steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in the Cape of Good Hope.

In 1882 and 1883, the Cape Government Railways placed sixty-eight 4th Class 4-6-0 tank-and-tender locomotives in mainline service on all three its Systems. It was an improved version of the 4th Class locomotives of 1880 and 1881 and was delivered in two versions, built by two manufacturers.

Thirty-five of these locomotives were built by Neilson and Company, with Joy valve gear. Seventeen of those were still in service when the South African Railways was established in 1912.

Manufacturers

File:Michael Stephens - CGR.jpg

Michael Stephens

The original 4th Class 4-6-0 tank-and-tender locomotive was designed in 1880 by Michael Stephens, at that stage the Locomotive Superintendent of the Western System of the Cape Government Railways (CGR). An improved version of the 4th Class 4-6-0TT of 1880 was delivered to the CGR in 1882 and 1883. The contracts for their construction were divided between Robert Stephenson and Company and Neilson and Company. Robert Stephenson's built thirty-three locomotives with Stephenson valve gear.

Thirty-five were built by Neilson's, with Joy valve gear. Of these, twenty-one locomotives went to the Western System, operating out of Cape Town, and were numbered in the range from W56 to W76. Four went to the Midland System, operating out of Port Elizabeth, and were numbered in the range from M76 to M79. Ten went to the Eastern System, operating out of East London, and were numbered in the range from E39 to E48.

Characteristics

All these locomotives had 42-inch (1,067-millimetre) diameter coupled wheels, unlike the six 4th Class locomotives which had been delivered to the Eastern System in 1880 and 1881, which had smaller 38-inch (965-millimetre) diameter coupled wheels. They were delivered with Joy valve gear and therefore had a semi-circular cut-out at the bottom of the side-tanks to allow access to part of the Joy valve gear mechanism which protruded above the running board.

Since these locomotives were delivered with permanently coupled tenders, their cabs did not need side entrances with double handrails, like their predecessors of 1880 and 1881 with their optional tenders did. Access was by pairs of steps, mounted on the engine as well as on the tender, with one handrail attached to the engine and the other to the tender.

Modifications

On the Eastern System, problems were experienced with the low-grade local coal from the Cyphergat and Molteno collieries in the Stormberg. It had a high content of non-combustible material which often caused delays, since it required frequent stops to allow the stoker to clear the grate of clinker and ash, a tedious task which required the locomotive to be stationary.

John D. Tilney, the Eastern System Locomotive Superintendent, carried out many experiments in an attempt to overcome the coal problem. Some of these involved modifying some of the 4th Class locomotives to install oscillating firebars and larger fireboxes.

Another modification by Tilney was an extended smokebox, to make room for a very efficient spark arrester, which was constructed of wire mesh. Several locomotives were altered to incorporate these spark arresters.

Tilney's initiatives did not pass unnoticed. In 1881, the General Manager appointed Hawthorne R. Thornton as Chief Locomotive Superintendent for the whole of the Cape of Good Hope, in response to the "growing tendency on the part of the several Locomotive Superintendents to bring in modifications of designs in essential parts of the engines and rolling stock".

File:Hex River Mountains Viaduct Cape Colony c. 1896.jpg

4th Class Converted Joy in the Hex River railpass

While the locomotives proved to be good all-purpose engines, the Joy valve gear was not considered entirely satisfactory. After Michael Stephens retired and H.M. Beatty took over as Chief Locomotive Superintendent of the CGR in 1896, all the Neilson-built locomotives were converted to Stephenson valve gear and, in the process, also had their side-tanks removed. These modified tender locomotives became known as the Converted Joys.

Service

Cape Government Railways

File:Cape Government Railways map - 1882 - Cape Archives.jpg

250px

At the time these 4th Class locomotives entered service, the two Eastern System mainlines were open to King William's Town and approaching Sterkstroom respectively. Those of the Midland System were completed to Graaff Reinet and approaching Cradock respectively, while the Western System mainline was open to Beaufort West.

All these locomotives were renumbered more than once during their service lives on the CGR. By 1886, the system prefixes had been done away with and the Midland System's locomotives had all been renumbered, by replacing the letter prefix "M" with the numeral "1". The Western and Eastern System locomotives retained their numbers, but without their respective "W" or "E" prefixes. By 1888, the Eastern System locomotives had been renumbered into the 600 number range. The Midland System locomotives were renumbered to two-digit numbers by 1890. All these renumberings are listed in the table below.

Oranje-Vrijstaat Gouwerment-Spoorwegen

File:CGR 4th Class 4-6-0 1882 Joy Converted.jpg

Tilney's extended smokebox

In early 1897, six Converted Joy locomotives were sold to the Oranje-Vrijstaat Gouwerment-Spoorwegen (OVGS), where they were designated 4th Class G. These engines were all fitted with the Tilney-design extended type of smokebox with spark arresters and had been reboilered prior to entering service on the OVGS. During reboilering, the Salter safety valves were replaced with the Ramsbottom type.

Beira and Mashonaland Railway

In 1898, two Converted Joy locomotives, numbers 59 and 71, were sold to Pauling and Company, who used them during the construction of the Beira and Mashonaland Railway and renumbered them 2 and 1 respectively.

South African Railways

When the Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910, the three Colonial government railways (CGR, Natal Government Railways and Central South African Railways) were united under a single administration to control and administer the railways, ports and harbours of the Union. Although the South African Railways and Harbours came into existence in 1910, the actual classification and renumbering of all the rolling stock of the three constituent railways required careful planning and was only implemented with effect from 1 January 1912.

By 1912, seventeen locomotives survived. They were considered obsolete by the South African Railways, designated Class 04 and renumbered by having the numeral "0" prefixed to their existing numbers. Despite being considered obsolete, some of them were still being employed as shunting locomotives in Port Elizabeth in 1932. The rest had been scrapped by 1918.

Works numbers

The works numbers, years built, original numbers, renumbering and disposal of the Cape 4th Class Joy of 1882 are listed in the table.

CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT of 1882

Works no.	Year blt.	Orig. no.	1886 no.	1888 no.	1890 no.	1896 no.	1899 no.	1904 no.	SAR no.	Sold to
2828	1882	W56	56	56	56	56	G			OVGS
2829	1882	W57	57	57	57	57	G			OVGS
2830	1882	W58	58	58	58	58	58	58	058
2831	1882	W59	59	59	59	59	2			Beira
2832	1882	W60	60	60	60	60	60	60	060
2833	1882	W61	61	61	61	61	61	61	061
2834	1882	W62	62	62	62	62	62	62	062
2835	1882	W63	63	63	63	63	63	63	063
2836	1882	W64	64	64	64	64	64	64	064
2837	1882	W65	65	65	65	65	65	65	065
2838	1882	W66	66	66	66	66	66	66	066
2839	1882	W67	67	67	67	67	67	67	067
2840	1882	W68	68	68	68	68	G			OVGS
2841	1882	W69	69	69	69	69	G			OVGS
2842	1882	W70	70	70	70
2843	1882	W71	71	71	71	71	1			Beira
2844	1882	W72	72	72	72
2845	1882	W73	73	73	73	73	73	73	073
2846	1882	W74	74	74	74	74	G			OVGS
2847	1882	W75	75	75	75	75	75	75
2848	1882	W76	76	76	76
2951	1883	E39	39	631	631	631	631	631	0631
2952	1883	E40	40	632	632	632	632	632
2953	1883	E41	41	633	633	633	633	633
2954	1883	E42	42	634	634	634	634	634
2980	1883	E43	43	635	635	635	635	635
2981	1883	E44	44	636	636	636	636	636	0636
2978	1883	E45	45	637	637	637	637	637	0637
2979	1883	E46	46	638	638	638	638	638	0638
2982	1883	E47	47	639	639	639	639	639
2983	1883	E48	48	640	640	640	640	640	0640
2984	1883	M76	176	176	52
2985	1883	M77	177	177	53	53	G			OVGS
2986	1883	M78	178	178	54	54	54	54	054
2987	1883	M79	179	179	55	55	55	55	055

Illustration

The following pictures illustrate some of the Converted Joy locomotives. Most of them had forfeited their "front porch" railings in the process of modification.

• CGR 4th Class 4-6-0 1882 no. M79, 179, 55, 055 Joy Converted.jpg

  No. 55 of the Midland System with driver, cleaner and fireman, c. 1900

• CGR 4th Class 4-6-0 1882 no. W64 Joy Converted.jpg

  No. 64 of the Western System, c. 1900

• CGR 4th Class 4-6-0 1882 no. W73 Joy Converted.jpg

  No. 73 of the Western System with her crew, c. 1900

• CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 Converted Joy.jpg

  Ladies enjoying the front porch