List of international auto racing colours

From the beginning of organised motor sport events, in the early 1900s, until the late 1960s, before commercial sponsorship liveries came into common use, vehicles competing in Formula One, sports car racing, touring car racing and other international auto racing competitions customarily painted their cars in standardised racing colours that indicated the nation of origin of the car or driver. These were often quite different from the national colours used in other sports or in politics.

History

1900s

The colours have their origin in the national teams competing in the Gordon Bennett Cup, which was held annually in 1900-1905. Count Eliot Zborowski, father of inter-war racing legend Louis Zborowski, suggested that each national entrant be allotted a different colour. The first competition in 1900 assigned: Blue to France, Yellow to Belgium, White to Germany and Red to the USA. (Italy did not adopt its famous 'Racing Red' until a red Itala won the Peking to Paris race in 1907).

When Britain first competed in 1902, it had to choose a different colour from her national colours of red, white and blue, as these had already been allocated. Selwyn Edge's winning Napier of 1902 was painted olive green, and green was well-established as an appropriate colour for locomotives and machinery, in which Britain had led the world during the previous century. When Britain hosted the 1903 Gordon Bennett Cup the following year on a closed course at Athy in Ireland, the British adopted Shamrock green which later evolved into various shades of 'British racing green'.

1920s - 1960s

Colours were definitely established in the Interwar period of Grand Prix motor racing and listed by the AiACr (the forerunner of the FIA), when the Bleu de France Bugattis and the Rosso Corsa Alfa Romeos of Italy won many races, while the British racing green Bentleys dominated the Le Mans Grand Prix d'Endurance until 1930.

In the 1930s the Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union teams did not apply the traditional German white paint, and their bare sheets of metal gave rise to the term Silver Arrows. A myth developed in the 1930s that the German teams did not apply white paint owing to the need to be under the 750 kg maximum weight limit; however the first "Silver Arrows" raced in 1932, before the weight limit was imposed in 1934. Modern monocoque aircraft fuselage construction was already using polished and unpainted aluminium panels at this period, and the wealthy motor-racing fraternity would also have been aware that in Heraldry, White and Silver are the same colour or 'tincture', described as 'Argent'; (similarly Yellow and Gold are both called 'Or').

Post-war colours were defined in terms of body, bonnet, chassis, numbers and their backgrounds (see diagrams below). When the chassis was no longer exposed, the chassis colour was shown in various ways, e.g. the parallel blue stripes of the Cunningham team and other US teams in the 1950s. Porsche in the 1950s and 1960s also retained the silver colouring, although other German teams in the 1960s (such as BMW) returned to white paint.

During this period, the colour was not determined by the country the car was made in nor by the nationality of the driver(s) but by the nationality of the team entering the vehicle. E.g., Stirling Moss drove some races during the 1954 season in a British racing green Maserati 250F because the car was entered by the British A.E.Moss team.

Sponsorship era - from 1968

In the spring of 1968, sponsorship liveries, which had already been used in the United States for some years, were also allowed in international racing. Team Gunston was the first Formula One team to paint their cars in the livery of their sponsors when they entered a private Brabham for John Love, painted in the colours of Gunston cigarettes, in the 1968 South African Grand Prix. British Racing Green soon vanished from the cars of British private teams.

Although the old colour scheme was abandoned by the FIA for most racing disciplines in the 1970s, it is still informally used, especially by Italian, British and German automakers and teams that want to emphasise their racing traditions. Often, sponsorship agreements respect this, and the Rosso Corsa used by Scuderia Ferrari and Alfa Romeo and the "Silver Arrows" used by Mercedes have been in continuous use to the present day.

Contemporary usage

In recent years the traditional colours have resurfaced, such as the British racing green F1 Jaguar Racing cars and Aston Martin sports cars, and the white F1 BMW Sauber. Other German manufacturers like Mercedes-Benz and Audi (Auto Union) used silver paint when they returned to international racing in the 1990s. Many concept cars follow the old colour schemes, and most amateur racers prefer them as well.

The EFDA Nations Cup, running 1990-1998, was a one make racing series with around 20 national teams being represented.

The annual A1 Grand Prix series of 2005-2009 featured national teams, driving identical cars with differing colour schemes. Initially, most schemes were based on the respective national flags; some teams with different traditional sporting colours have since switched, including A1 Team Australia and A1 Team India. The old national racing colours were not so popular among these teams.

Historic colours

Major competitors

These have stuck as a pattern, and are common outside of international Grand Prix racing.

German Blitzen Benz (1909)

French Bugatti Type 35C (1926)

German Silberpfeile (1930s)

File:Shelby Daytona, 1964.JPG

American Shelby Daytona (1964)

Japanese Honda RA272 (1965)

Siamese (later Thai) liveried ERA R12B Hanuman II (1939)

British Lotus 49 (early 1968)

File:Fittipaldi F5A Auto und Technik Museum Sinsheim.jpg

Brazilian Fittipaldi Automotive F5A (1977)

Italian Alfa Romeo 33 (1977)

German Audi R8 (2006)

Code	Country	Body	Numbers	Marques/Teams
D	Germany	White	Red	Benz, Mercedes, BMW, Porsche, Audi
		Silver (or bare metal (Silver Arrows))	Red	Mercedes-Benz, Auto Union, Veritas, Borgward, EMW, Porsche, Audi
F	France	Blue (Bleu de France)	White	Delage, Bugatti, Talbot, Delahaye, Matra, Panhard, Alpine, Gordini, Peugeot, Ballot, Ligier
GB	United Kingdom	Green (British racing green)	White	Jaguar, Vanwall, Cooper, Lotus, Brabham, BRM, Bentley, Aston Martin, MG
I	Italy	Red (Rosso corsa)	White	Alfa Romeo, Maserati, Ferrari, Lancia, Abarth, O.S.C.A., Officine Meccaniche
J	Japan	White with red "sun"	Black	Honda, Nissan, Toyota, Super Aguri
USA	United States	White, Blue lengthwise stripes ("Cunningham racing stripes"), (originally) Blue underframe	Blue	Cunningham, Ford, NART, Shelby, Chaparral
		Blue (Imperial blue), White lengthwise stripes, White underframe	White	AAR Eagle, Ford, Shelby, Scarab

National list

The following schemes have been adopted for various countries at various times:

Code	Country	Body	Bonnet	Other Colours	Numbers	Illustrated example
A	Austria	Blue			Black on white	50px
ARG	Argentina	Blue	Yellow	Chassis: Black	Red on White	50px
AUS	Australia	Green	Gold	Blue	Black	50px
B	Belgium	Yellow			Black	50px
BR	Brazil	Pale yellow		Chassis/Wheels: Green. Sometimes, Brazilian cars featured lengthwise green stripes	Black	50px
BUL	Bulgaria	Green	White		Red on white	50px
C	Cuba	Yellow	Black		Black on white	50px
CDN	Canada	Traditional colours are British racing green with two white parallel stripes (4" wide and 6" apart)		After the Canadian flag was changed in 1965 Red with wide lengthwise white stripes became popular	Black	50px
CH	Switzerland	Red	White		Black	50px
CS	Czechoslovakia	White	Blue/white	Underframe: Red	Blue	50px
D	Germany	White		bare metal (aluminium, "Silver Arrows")	Red	50px
DK	Denmark	Silver-grey		National flag as a lengthwise stripe on bonnet	Red on white	50px
E	Spain	Red	Yellow	Chassis/Springs: Red	Black on yellow or white on red	50px
ET	Egypt	Pale violet			Red on white	50px
F	France	Blue			White	50px
FIN	Finland	White		Two blue stripes on bonnet shaping a Latin cross	Black on white	50px
GB	United Kingdom	Green		Scottish entrant Rob Walker used dark blue with a white noseband and Ecurie Ecosse also used dark blue; the Arrol Johnston team pre-World War 1 used navy tartan	White	50px
GR	Greece	Pale Blue		Two white lengthwise stripes on bonnet	Black on white	50px
H	Hungary	Front: White Rear: Green	Red		Black	50px
HJK	Jordan	Brown			Black on white	50px
I	Italy	Red			White	50px
IRL	Ireland	Green		Horizontal band of orange all around	White	50px
J	Japan	Ivory White		Red disk on bonnet	White on black	50px
L	Luxembourg	Tricolour lengthwise stripe (red/white/blue) from front to rear			Black on white	50px
MAS	Malaysia	Yellow		White	Black on white/Black	50px
MC	Monaco	White		Red lengthwise band around car	Black on white	50px
MEX	Mexico	Gold		Different designs in royal blue (Not strictly an X on the bonnet)	Black on white (not red on white)	50px
NL	Netherlands	Orange			White	50px
NZ	New Zealand	Green and silver		Black and silver		50px
PHI	Philippines	Red	Blue	Red		50px
P	Portugal	Red		Underframe: White	White	50px
PL	Poland	White		Underframe: Red	Red on white	50px
RCH	Chile	Red	Blue	Underframe: White	Blue/red or red on white	50px
S	Sweden	Blue bottom, yellow top, three cross bands of blue on top of bonnet			White	50px
T	Thailand	Pale blue with yellow horizontal band around body and bonnet		Wheels: Pale yellow	White on blue	50px
U	Uruguay	Pale blue with large red band around the lower part of bonnet			White on black	50px
USA	United States	White with blue lengthwise stripes		Underframe: Blue	Blue on white	50px
ZA	South Africa	Gold	Green		Black on yellow	50px

See also

• Racing stripe on notes about USA racing colours.