Haplogroup R0 (mtDNA)
Haplogroup R0 | |
---|---|
Possible time of origin | 23,600 to 54,900 YBP[1] |
Possible place of origin | Middle East |
Ancestor | R |
Descendants | HV, R0a |
Defining mutations | 73, 11719[2] |
Haplogroup R0 (formerly known as Haplogroup pre-HV[3]) is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
Origin
Haplogroup R0 derives from the macro-haplogroup R. It is an ancestral clade to R0a and haplogroup HV, and therefore to haplogroup H and haplogroup V.
R0a is believed to have originated in Ice Age oases in Southern Arabia around 22,000 years ago. The subclade would then have spread from there with the onset of the Late Glacial period circa 15,000 ybp.[4]
Distribution
Haplogroup R0 occurs commonly in the Arabian peninsula, with its highest frequency observed among the Socotri (40.7%).[5] The clade is also found at high frequencies among the Kalash in South Asia (23%).[6] Additionally, moderate frequencies of R0 occur in Northeast Africa, Anatolia, the Iranian Plateau and Dalmatia. The haplogroup has been observed among Copts (13.8%),[7] Tigrais (13.6%),[5] Somalis (13.3%),[5] Oromos (13.3%),[5] Afar (12.5%),[5] Amhara (11.5%),[5] Gurage (10%),[5] Reguibate Sahrawi (9.26%; 0.93% R0a and 8.33% R0a1a),[8] Gaalien (9%),[7] Beja (8.3%),[7] Nubians (8%),[5] Arakien (5.9%),[7] Yemenis (5.1%-27.7%),[5] Iraqis (4.8%),[5] Druze (4.3%),[5] Palestinians (4%),[5] Algerians (1.67%),[8] and Saudis (0%-25%).[5]
R0's greater subclade variety in the Arabian peninsula suggests that the clade originated in and spread from there.
Subclades
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup R0 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[2] and subsequent published research.
- R
See also
Evolutionary tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups |
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Mitochondrial Eve (L) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L0 | L1–6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
L1 | L2 | L3 | L4 | L5 | L6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
M | N | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CZ | D | E | G | Q | O | A | S | R | I | W | X | Y | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
C | Z | B | F | R0 | pre-JT | P | U | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HV | JT | K | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
H | V | J | T |
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Haplogroup H Sub-clades, Family Tree DNA
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.; S5 Table
External links
- General
- Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
- Mannis van Oven's PhyloTree
- Haplogroup R0
- Spread of Haplogroup pre-HV, from National Geographic
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