Haplogroup HV (mtDNA)

Haplogroup HV
Possible time of origin	25000-30000 YBP
Possible place of origin	Near East or Caucasus
Ancestor	R0
Descendants	HV0, HV1, HV2, HV3, HV4, HV5, H
Defining mutations	T14766C

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup HV is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Origin

Haplogroup HV derives from the Haplogroup R0 (which in turn derives from haplogroup R). HV is also the ancestral haplogroup to Haplogroup H and Haplogroup V.

Distribution

Haplogroup HV is a west Eurasian haplogroup found throughout western Asia and southern and eastern Europe, especially Iran, Anatolia (present-day Turkey) and the Caucasus Mountains of southern Russia and the republic of Georgia. It is also found to a much lesser extent in parts of north-east Africa, mainly in the population of Sudanese Arabs, where the frequency of Eurasian ancestry is 22.5%, and a very high frequency of Y-chromosome Haplogroup J (Y-DNA) is also found.

A 2003 study was published reporting on the mtDNA sequencing of the bones of two 24,000-year-old anatomically modern humans of the Cro-Magnon type from southern Italy. The study showed one was of either haplogroup HV or R0.

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup HV subclades is based on the paper by van Oven 2009 and Malyarchuk et al. 2008.

• HV
  • HV0 (formerly known as pre-V)
    • HV0a (formerly known as preV*2)
      • HV0a1
      • V
    • 195 (formerly known as preV*1)
      • HV0b
      • HV0c
  • HV1
    • HV1a
      • HV1a1
        • HV1a1a
      • HV1a2
    • HV1b
      • HV1b1
      • HV1b2
    • HV1c
  • 73
    • HV2
      • HV2a
  • HV4
    • HV4a
  • HV5
  • 16311 (formerly known as HV3)
    • HV6 (formerly known as HV3b)
      • HV6a (formerly known as HV3b1)
    • HV7 (formerly known as HV3c)
    • HV8 (formerly known as HV3d)
    • HV9 (formerly known as HV3a)
      • 152
        • HV9a
    • HV10
  • H

HV0 and HVSI C16298T

Defining mutation C/T at location 16298 in segment I one of the hypervariable segment is labeled as HV0 as of 2012. The percentage of people that tested positive for the above mutation in a study of western European populations in 2002 is given below.

Population	#No	% of population
Finland	50	12
Norway	323	4
Scotland	874	4
England	262	3
North Germany	140	6
South Germany	266	5
France	213	3
Galicia	135	5
North Portugal	184	7
Central Portugal	162	3
South Portugal	196	4
North Africa	349	5

In a study of Russian and Polish populations the percentage of people who tested positive for this mutation was five percent for both populations.

Population	#No	Percentage
Polish	436	5
Russian	201	5

A study of Iraqis summarized a number of previous studies showing low levels of this mutation amongst Middle Eastern and Italian populations.

Population	#No	% of population
Iraqi	216	0.5
Syrian	69	2.9
Georgian	139	0.7
Italian	99	5.1

This mutation has been detected in ancient DNA obtained from one of nineteen human remains excavated on the island of Gotland, Sweden, dated to 2,800-2,000 BC and archaeologically classified as belonging to the Pitted Ware culture.

See also

• Genealogical DNA test
• Genetic Genealogy
• Population Genetics

Evolutionary tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

Mitochondrial Eve (L)

L0

L1–6

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5

L6

M

N

CZ

D

E

G

Q

O

A

S

R

I

W

X

Y

C

Z

B

F

R0

pre-JT

P

U

HV

JT

K

H

V

J

T

External links

• General
  • Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site
  • Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
• Haplogroup HV
  • Spread of Haplogroup HV, from the Genographic Project
  • The India Genealogical DNA Project at Family Tree DNA
  • mtDNA Haplogroup HV Project at Family Tree DNA