New World crops
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The phrase "New World Crops" is usually used to describe crops that were native to North and South America before 1492 and not found anywhere else in the world at that time. Many of these crops have since come to be grown around the world and have often become an integral part of various old world cultures' cuisines.
Contents
Examples
Grains | Little barley, maize (corn), maygrass, wild rice |
---|---|
Pseudograins | Amaranth, knotweed, goosefoot (quinoa), sunflower |
Beans | Common bean, lima bean, peanut, scarlet runner bean, tepary bean |
Fiber | Agave, yucca, long-staple and upland cotton |
Roots and Tubers | Arrowroot, jicama, Camas root, hopniss, leren, manioc (yuca, cassava), mashua, oca, potato, sweet potato, ulluco, yacon |
Fruits | Avocado, blueberry, cherimoya, cranberry, guava (guayaba), huckleberry, papaya, pawpaw, passionfruit, peppers, pineapple, prickly pear (tuna), commercial strawberries, tomato, tomatillo |
Melons | Chayote, squashes (including pumpkins) |
Meat and poultry | Coypu, guinea pig, llama, muscovy duck, turkey |
Nuts | American chestnut, Black walnut, Brazil nut, cashew, hickory, pecans, shagbark hickory |
Other | Achiote (annatto), canna, chicle (key ingredient in chewing gum and rubber), coca, cocoa, cochineal (red dye), logwood, maple syrup, poinsettia, rubber, tobacco, vanilla |
Agriculture
The new world developed agriculture much later than the Fertile Crescent in the Middle East. The following tables illustrate the crops that were grown and the chronology of domestication.
Date | Crops | Location |
---|---|---|
8000BC[2] | Squash | Oaxaca, Mexico |
5500BC | Peanut [3] | South America |
8000-5000 BC | Potato [4] | Peruvian Andes |
6000-4000BC[5] | Peppers | Oaxaca, Mexico |
2500BC[6] | Cotton | Peru |
2300-2200BC[2][7] | Maize | Mexico, Central America |
5000BC[8] | Avocados | Mexico |
4000BC | Common Bean | Central America |
2000BC | Sunflowers Beans |
|
1500BC | Cocoa[9] | Mexico |
See also
- Columbian Exchange
- Agriculture
- First agricultural revolution
- Fertile Crescent
- Neolithic founder crops
- Timeline of agriculture and food technology
References
- ↑ Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs and Steel, W. W. Norton & Company, 1999, p. 126.
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