3-Hydroxymorphinan
180px | |
Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
---|---|
(±)-morphinan-3-ol
|
|
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 18% |
Identifiers | |
CAS Number | 39131-41-4 |
ATC code | None |
ChemSpider | 16735936 |
Chemical data | |
Formula | C16H21NO |
Molecular mass | 243.344 g/mol |
|
|
|
|
(what is this?) (verify) |
3-Hydroxymorphinan (3-HM), or morphinan-3-ol, is a psychoactive drug of the morphinan family.[1] It is the racemic counterpart to norlevorphanol.
The dextrorotatory stereoisomer of the compound is an active metabolite of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, and 3-methoxymorphinan,[2] and similarly to them has potent neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects on LTS- and MPTP-treated dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway,[3][4] but notably without producing any neuropsychotoxic side effects (e.g., dissociation or hallucinations) or having any anticonvulsant actions.[5][6] It does not seem to bind to the NMDA receptor,[6] and instead, its neuroprotective properties appear result from inhibition of glutamate release via the suppression of presynaptic voltage-dependent Ca2+ entry and protein kinase C activity.[7] In any case, as such, the compound has been investigated as a potential antiparkinsonian agent. A prodrug, GCC1290K, has been developed on account of 3-HM's poor bioavailability (18%), and a New Drug Application has been approved for it by the United States Food and Drug Administration.[6] It is currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.[6] It does not have a Controlled Substances Act 1970 schedule, ACSCN, or annual aggregate manufacturing quota and may not necessarily be controlled, whilst norlevorphanol is; none of the dextrorotary derivatives of the dromoran and norlevorphanol sub-families of morphinan derivatives are controlled as they do not have opioid activity but the other racemic compounds are.[8]
3-HM's levorotatory stereoisomer, norlevorphanol, in contrast to (+)-3-HM, is an opioid analgesic.[9] It was never marketed as such however, probably due to a combination of the facts that norlevorphanol has low bioavailability and that its potency is diminished compared to its N-methylated analogue levorphanol.[10]
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/quotas/conv_factor/index.html
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Pages with broken file links
- Chemical articles having calculated molecular weight overwritten
- Infobox drug articles without a structure image
- Articles without EBI source
- Chemical pages without DrugBank identifier
- Articles without KEGG source
- Articles without UNII source
- Drugs not assigned an ATC code
- Drugs with no legal status
- Phenols
- Analgesics
- Morphinans
- Opioids