Philip, Duke of Parma

Philip I
Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
Reign	18 October 1748 – 18 July 1765
Predecessor	Maria Theresa
Successor	Ferdinand
Born	(1720-03-15)15 March 1720 Royal Alcazar, Madrid, Spain
Died	Alessandria, Italy
Spouse	Louise Élisabeth of France
Issue	Isabella, Archduchess of Austria Ferdinand, Duke of Parma Maria Luisa, Queen of Spain
House	House of Bourbon-Parma
Father	Philip V of Spain
Mother	Elisabeth Farnese

Philip of Spain (15 March 1720 – 18 July 1765) was Duke of Parma from 1748 to 1765. He founded the House of Bourbon-Parma (a.k.a. the Bourbons of Parma), a cadet line of the Spanish branch of the dynasty. He was a son-in-law of Louis XV.

Life

Born at the Royal Alcazar in Madrid, he was the fourth child and third son of Philip V of Spain and his wife, Elisabeth Farnese.

He was raised in Madrid and as a child showed more interest in art than in politics. He was also the 12th Count of Chinchón Grandee of Spain First Class with a coat of arms of de Bourbon after the alienation with royal authorization in 1738 of the 11th Conde Don Jose Sforza-Cesarini, Duke of Canzano, a title he later ceded to his brother Louis in 1754.

His mother came from the family of Farnese, which had ruled the Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla for many generations. The duchy had been ruled between 1731 and 1736 by his elder brother Charles, but was exchanged with Austria for The Two Sicilies after the War of Polish Succession. Twelve years later, in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), Austria lost the duchy and Philip became the new duke, founding the House of Bourbon-Parma.

As part of the Treaty of Versailles (1757) between Austria and France, it was intended that Phillip would become king of the Southern Netherlands in a deal that would see French troops occupy key positions in the country – however this arrangement was repudiated by the subsequent Third Treaty of Versailles and Phillip continued in Parma.

The Duchy of Parma was ruined by many years of warfare, and in 1759 Philip named the able Frenchman Guillaume du Tillot as his minister to restore the economy. Philip was an enlightened ruler who stimulated education and philosophy, attracting personalities like Étienne Bonnot de Condillac.

Marriage

Philip married Princess Louise Élisabeth of France in Alcalá de Henares, Spain on 25 October 1739. They had the following children:

• Isabella Luisa Antonietta Ferdinanda Giuseppina Saveria Dominica Giovanna of Parma (31 December 1741 – 27 November 1763) – she married Marie Antoinette's older brother, the Austrian emperor, Joseph II. She had issue, but all her children died in childhood.
• Ferdinando Maria Filippo Lodovico Sebastiano Francesco Giacomo of Parma (20 January 1751 – 9 October 1802), ) – he succeeded his father as Duke of Parma in 1765 and married his older sister's sister-in-law, the Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria. He left issue.
• Luisa Maria Teresa Ana of Parma (9 December 1751 – 2 January 1819) – she was known as Maria Luisa. She married her cousin, the Infante Carlos of Spain, and later became the Queen Consort of Spain. She left issue.

Philip died unexpectedly on 18 July 1765 in Alessandria, Italy, after having accompanied his daughter Maria Luisa on her way to Genoa, where she sailed for Spain to marry Infante Charles. Through Philip's daughter Maria Luisa, he is an ancestor of the Bourbons of Spain, the Bourbons of the Two Sicilies, and the House of Orléans.

Ancestors

Family of Philip, Duke of Parma

16. Louis XIII of France               8. Louis XIV of France                       17. Anne of Austria               4. Louis, Grand Dauphin                             18. Philip IV of Spain               9. Maria Theresa of Austria                       19. Élisabeth of France               2. Philip V of Spain                                   20. Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria               10. Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria                       21. Maria Anna of Austria               5. Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria                             22. Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy               11. Henriette Adelaide of Savoy                       23. Christine Marie of France               1. Philip I of Parma                                         24. Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma               12. Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma                       25. Margherita de' Medici               6. Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma                             26. Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena               13. Isabella d'Este                       27. Maria Caterina Farnese               3. Elisabeth Farnese                                   28. Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg               14. Philipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine                       29. Magdalene of Bavaria               7. Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg                             30. George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt               15. Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt                       31. Sophia Eleonore of Saxony

Heraldry

Heraldry of Philip, Duke of Parma
Coat of arms as Infante of Spain Coat of Arms as Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla

Titles and Styles

• 15 March 1720 – 1749 His Royal Highness Don Felipe, Infante of Spain
• 1749 – 18 July 1765 His Royal Highness the Duke of Parma, Plasencia and Guastalla

References

Philip, Duke of Parma House of Bourbon-Parma Cadet branch of the House of Bourbon Born: 15 March 1720 Died: 18 July 1765
Regnal titles
Preceded by Maria Theresa	Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla 1748–1765	Succeeded by Ferdinand
Spanish nobility
Preceded by Philip V of Spain	Count of Chinchón 1720–1754	Succeeded by Infante Luis of Spain
Preceded by Philip V of Spain	Duke of Canzano 1748–1765	Succeeded by Infante Luis of Spain