Bosnia Eyalet
Bosnia Eyalet Eyalet-i Bosna |
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Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire | |||||
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Bosnia Eyalet in 1683 | |||||
Capital | Bosna-Saray (now Sarajevo) (1520–1553) Banja Luka (1553–1639) Bosna-Saray (now Sarajevo) (1639–1699) Travnik (1699–1832) |
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History | |||||
• | Established | 1580 | |||
• | Disestablished | 1867 | |||
Area | |||||
• | 1856[2] | 70,038 km2 (27,042 sq mi) | |||
Population | |||||
• | 1732[1] | 340,000 | |||
• | 1787[1] | 600,000 | |||
Today part of | Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Serbia Montenegro |
The Eyalet of Bosnia[3] (Ottoman Turkish: Eyalet-i Bosna,[1] Bosnian: Bosanski pašaluk) or Bosnia Beylerbeylik (Turkish: Bosna Beylerbeyliği, Bosnian: Bosanski beglerbegluk) was an eyalet (also known as a beylerbeylik) of the Ottoman Empire, mostly based on the territory of the present-day state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Prior to the Great Turkish War, it had also included most of Slavonia, Lika, and Dalmatia in present-day Croatia. Its reported area in the 19th century was 20,281 square miles (52,530 km2).[4]
Contents
Background
After the execution of King Tomašević in 1463, the central part of the Kingdom of Bosnia was transformed into the sanjak of Bosnia. The Duchy of Herzegovina was added in 1483.
History
Establishment
In 1580, Ferhad Pasha Sokolović became the first governor of the Bosnia Eyalet, as beylerbey (also referred to as "pasha").[5] The Bosnia Eyalet (or Pashaluk) included the Sanjak of Bosnia (central province), Sanjak of Herzegovina, Sanjak of Vučitrn, Sanjak of Prizren, Sanjak of Klis, Sanjak of Krka, and Sanjak of Pakrac.[5]
The Ottoman wars in Europe continued throughout the period, and the province reached its territorial peak in 1683.
Decline
The Great Turkish War that ended in Ottoman defeat in 1699 led to a significant decrease in the territory of the Eyalet. After the Treaty of Karlowitz, the province was down to four sanjaks (three of them diminished in size as well) and twelve captaincies. Before the Treaty of Passarowitz, another 28 military captaincies were formed, more than half of them along the frontier. This kind of intensive military administration corresponded to the Austrian Military Frontier on the other side of the same border. In 1703 the seat of the pasha was moved from Sarajevo to Travnik, because Sarajevo had been destroyed by fire in the war; it wouldn't be moved back until 1850.[6]
Bosnian uprising
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At the beginning of the 19th century, Bosnia was one of the least developed and more autonomous provinces of the Empire.[7] In 1831, Bosnian kapudan Husein Gradaščević occupied Travnik, demanding autonomy and the end of military reforms in Bosnia.[1] Ultimately, exploiting the rivalries between beys and kapudans, the grand vizier succeeded in detaching the Herzegovinian forces, led by Ali-paša Rizvanbegović, from Gradaščević’s.[1] The revolt was crushed, and in 1833, a new eyalet of Herzegovina was created from the southern part of the eyalet of Bosnia and given to Ali-paša Rizvanbegović as a reward for his contribution in crushing the uprising.[1] This new entity lasted only for a few years: after Rizvanbegović's death, it was reintegrated into the Bosnia eyalet.
It was one of the first Ottoman provinces to become a vilayet after an administrative reform in 1865, and by 1867 it had been reformed into the Bosnia Vilayet.[8]
Government
Organisation of the eyalet in the 17th century, from the accounts of Evliya Çelebi: "The officers are, the Defterdar of the treasury, the Kehiya and Emin of the rolls; the Kehiya and Emin of the Chavushes; the Alai-beg and the Cheri-bashi".[9]
Governors
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- Sarı Süleyman Pasha
- Osman Gradaščević
- Hasan Predojević
- Husein Gradaščević
- Husein Boljanić
- Ali-paša Rizvanbegović
- Mehmed-beg Kulenović
- Bekir Pasha (1800–01)
Capitals
Bosnia Eyalet's capital city moved several times:
- Travnik (1553; 1697–1833; 1839/40-1851)[10]
- Banja Luka (Banyaluka or Banaluka) (1553–1638)[11]
- Sarajevo (Saray Bosna) (1639–1697;[12] 1833-1839/40;[13][14] 1851-1878)
Administrative divisions
Administrative division of the eyalet of Bosnia before 1699 were as follows:[15]
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At the beginning of the 19th century, Bosnia was composed of 7 sanjaks:[7] |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire, p. 91, at Google Books By Gábor Ágoston, Bruce Alan Masters
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ The English Cyclopaedia: Geography By Charles Knight
- ↑ The Popular encyclopedia: or, conversations lexicon, Volume 6, p. 698, at Google Books
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Territorial proposals for the settlement of the war in Bosnia-Hercegovina, p. 15, at Google Books By Mladen Klemenčić
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Religious separation and political intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina, p. 84, at Google Books By Mitja Velikonja
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Narrative of travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa in the ..., Volume 1, p. 90, at Google Books By Evliya Çelebi, Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Bosnia.html
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Ahmed Aličić Uređenje bosanskog ejaleta od 1789. do 1878., Orijentalni Institut u Sarajevu, Sarajevo, 1983, p 35.
- ↑ Šabanović, H. Bosanski pašaluk, ND BiH, Sarajevo, 1959.
- ↑ Orhan Kılıç, XVII. Yüzyılın İlk Yarısında Osmanlı Devleti'nin Eyalet ve Sancak Teşkilatlanması, Osmanlı, Cilt 6: Teşkilât, Yeni Türkiye Yayınları, Ankara, 1999, ISBN 975-6782-09-9, p. 91. (Turkish)
Sources
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Articles with Turkish-language external links
- States and territories established in 1580
- States and territories disestablished in 1867
- Articles containing Ottoman Turkish-language text
- Articles containing Bosnian-language text
- Articles containing Turkish-language text
- Eyalets of the Ottoman Empire in Europe
- Ottoman period in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Ottoman period in the history of Croatia
- Ottoman Serbia
- Ottoman period in the history of Montenegro
- Ottoman Balkans
- 1580 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
- 1867 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire
- 16th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- 17th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- 18th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- 19th century in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- 1580 establishments in Europe
- 1867 disestablishments in Europe