Hedju Hor
| Hedju-Hor | |
|---|---|
| Hor-Hedju | |
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Clay cutting of Hedju-Hor hieroglyph[1]
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| Pharaoh | |
| Successor | Ny-Hor? |
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Hedju Hor was a ruler in northern Egypt from the Predynastic Period.[2][3] His true existence is unknown. The name Hedju-Hor means The maces of Horus.[4]
It is thought that his reign was around 3250 BC,[citation needed] but almost nothing is known of it, as he is known only from inscriptions found in the Nile Delta region and pottery shards from Tura. It has been conjectured that he was the first pharaoh of Lower Egypt, or the last; or that he was a member of Dynasty 0.[citation needed]
Hedju-Hor is only known from two clay jugs on which his serekh appears: one from Tura[5] in the eastern Nile Delta and one from Abu Zeidan on the northeastern tip of the Nile Delta.[6]
Egyptologist Wolfgang Helck held him as a Pharaoh of Dynasty 0 and identified him with Wash, who is known as the ruler defeated by Narmer on the Narmer Palette,[7] an opinion later shared by Edwin van den Brink.[8] By contrast, Toby Wilkinson[9] and Jochem Kahl both argue that Hedju Hor was not a pre-dynastic Pharaoh but, rather, a ruler of a small proto-state of the pre-dynastic era and have attributed to him the title King.
Hedju-Hor has no known tomb and is not found in the text of the Palermo Stone, the oldest-known king list,[10] further making the claims of both Helck and van den Brink unlikely.[citation needed]
References
- ↑ Henry Georg Fischer: Varia Aegyptiaca. In: Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, Nr. 2. Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake 1963, S. 33, Abb. 1.
- ↑ Dr. Günther Eichhorn |title=Egypt - Protodynastic Period - 3200 to 3100 BCE.
- ↑ Ludwig David Morenz: Bild-Buchstaben und symbolische Zeichen. Die Herausbildung der Schrift der hohen Kultur Altägyptens (= Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 205). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2004; Academic Press, Fribourg 2004, ISBN 3-7278-1486-1.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Henry Georg Fischer: Varia Aegyptiaca . In: Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, No. 2. Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake 1963, p. 44.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., p.98
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., p.147
- ↑ Toby A.H. Wilkinson: Early Dynastic Egypt - Strategy, Security and Society. Routledge, London 1999, ISBN 0-415-18633-1. page 55-56.
- ↑ Hsu, Hsu, Shih-Wei (2010) The Palermo Stone: the Earliest Royal Inscription from Ancient Egypt, Altoriental. Forsch., Akademie Verlag, 37 (2010) 1, 68–89.
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