Sp1 transcription factor

Sp1 transcription factor
NMR structure of the SP1 DNA-binding motif. PDB rendering based on 1sp1.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1SP1, 1SP2, 1VA1, 1VA2, 1VA3
Identifiers
Symbol	SP1
External IDs	OMIM: 189906 MGI: 98372 HomoloGene: 8276 ChEMBL: 6103 GeneCards: SP1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding • RNA polymerase II core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding • RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity involved in positive regulation of transcription • RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding • DNA binding • double-stranded DNA binding • sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity • protein binding • protein C-terminus binding • transcription factor binding • zinc ion binding • histone acetyltransferase binding • enhancer binding • protein homodimerization activity • histone deacetylase binding • bHLH transcription factor binding • sequence-specific DNA binding • transcription regulatory region DNA binding • HMG box domain binding Cellular component • nucleus • nucleoplasm • nucleolus • cytoplasm • protein-DNA complex Biological process • ossification • trophectodermal cell differentiation • liver development • embryonic placenta development • transcription, DNA-dependent • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter • transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway • gene expression • virus-host interaction • megakaryocyte differentiation • lung development • enucleate erythrocyte differentiation • positive regulation by host of viral transcription • cellular lipid metabolic process • small molecule metabolic process • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis • embryonic skeletal system development • embryonic process involved in female pregnancy • definitive hemopoiesis Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	6667	20683
Ensembl	ENSG00000185591	ENSMUSG00000001280
UniProt	P08047	O89090
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001251825	NM_013672
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001238754	NP_038700
Location (UCSC)	Chr 12: 53.77 – 53.81 Mb	Chr 15: 102.41 – 102.44 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Transcription factor Sp1, also known as specificity protein 1* is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP1 gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich motifs of many promoters. The encoded protein is involved in many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, cell growth, apoptosis, immune responses, response to DNA damage, and chromatin remodeling. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, and proteolytic processing significantly affect the activity of this protein, which can be an activator or a repressor.

In the SV40 virus, Sp1 binds to the GC boxes in the regulatory region (RR) of the genome.

Structure

SP1 belongs to the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors. The protein is 785 amino acids long, with a molecular weight of 81 kDA. The SP1 transcription factor contains a zinc finger protein motif, by which it binds directly to DNA and enhances gene transcription. Its zinc fingers are of the Cys₂/His₂ type and bind the consensus sequence 5'-(G/T)GGGCGG(G/A)(G/A)(C/T)-3' (GC box element).

Applications

Sp1 has been used as a control protein to compare with when studying the increase or decrease of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and/or the estrogen receptor, since it binds to both and generally remains at a relatively constant level.

Inhibitors

Withaferin A, a sterodial lactone from Withania Somnifera plant is known to inhibit Sp1 transcription factor.

Interactions

Sp1 transcription factor has been shown to interact with:

• AATF,
• CEBPB,
• COL1A1,
• E2F1,
• FOSL1,
• GABPA,
• HDAC1,
• HDAC2,
• HMGA1,
• HCFC1,
• HTT,
• KLF6,
• MEF2C,
• MEF2D,
• MSX1,
• Myogenin,
• POU2F1,
• PPP1R13L,
• PSMC5,
• PML,
• RELA,
• SMAD3,
• SUMO1,
• SF1,
• TAL1, and
• UBC.

External links

• Sp1 Transcription Factor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• FactorBook SP1

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.